ApsaraVideo VOD:Advanced features

Playback control

Autoplay

• ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web supports autoplay.

  Many browsers impose stricter policies on autoplay. You cannot specify the autoplay attribute or call the play() method to enable autoplay. You can only enable autoplay by using the following methods: manual configuration or muting a video. For example, after a player is initialized, you can call setVolume to mute the video.

  Note

  • The autoplay feature is not supported in the following desktop browsers:

    • Safari 11 and later in macOS High Sierra

    • Google Chrome 55 and later

  • Autoplay may be allowed in specific mobile browsers and WebView apps, especially those in Android.

  • Browsers such as WeChat and QQ Browser use the built-in players for playback. In this case, autoplay is not supported even when the video is muted. For more information, see Video playback issues due to browser hijacking.

  The following sample code provides an example on how to automatically play videos in the mute mode when you use an HTML5 player for URL-based playback:

  • ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web V2.20.3 and later

    var player = new Aliplayer({
      "id": "player-con",
      // The playback URL. Example: example.aliyundoc.com/video/****.mp4.
      "source":"<your URL>",
      "autoplay": true,
      "mute": true
      }, function (player) {});

  • ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web of a version earlier than V2.20.3

    // After the player is initialized, mute the video.
    var player = new Aliplayer({
      "id": "player-con",
      // The playback URL. Example: example.aliyundoc.com/video/****.mp4.
      "source":"<your URL>",  
      "autoplay": true
      }, function (player) {
      player.mute()
      // Alternatively, you can call setVolume to set the player volume to 0.
      }
    );

• You can enable the autoplay feature in WeChat for iOS. Sample code:

  <div id="player-con"></div>
  <script src="http://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.6.0.js"></script>
  <script>
  wx.config({
      // The configuration information. You can call the wx.ready method even if the configuration information is invalid.
      debug: false,    // false indicates that the debug mode is disabled and true indicates that the debug mode is enabled.
      appId: '',       //appId
      timestamp: 1,    // The timestamp when the signature is generated.
      nonceStr: '', // A random string that is used to generate the signature.
      signature: '',   // The signature.
      jsApiList: []    // The required JavaScript APIs.
  });
  wx.ready(function() {
    // Initialize the player.
    createPlayer();
  });
  
  function createPlayer() {
    var player = new Aliplayer({
      id: 'player-con',
      source: '',
      autoplay: true
    });
  }
  </script>

Continuous playback

Customize the appearance and components of the player

ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web allows you to customize the appearance of the player such as the player skin and specify whether to display the components of the player and the display area of each component. These components include the control bar and the error UI.

• UI components of the control bar

  You can specify whether to display the UI components and the display area of each component by setting the skinLayout attribute. For more information, see Configure the skinLayout attribute.

  • The following code shows the default configurations of the HTML5 player provided by ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web:

    skinLayout:[
       {name: "bigPlayButton", align: "blabs", x: 30, y: 80},
        {name: "H5Loading", align: "cc"},
        {name: "errorDisplay", align: "tlabs", x: 0, y: 0},
        {name: "infoDisplay"},
        {name:"tooltip", align:"blabs",x: 0, y: 56},
        {name: "thumbnail"},
        {
          name: "controlBar", align: "blabs", x: 0, y: 0,
          children: [
            {name: "progress", align: "blabs", x: 0, y: 44},
            {name: "playButton", align: "tl", x: 15, y: 12},
            {name: "timeDisplay", align: "tl", x: 10, y: 7},
            {name: "fullScreenButton", align: "tr", x: 10, y: 12},
            {name:"subtitle", align:"tr",x:15, y:12},
            {name:"setting", align:"tr",x:15, y:12},
            {name: "volume", align: "tr", x: 5, y: 10}
          ]
        }
      ]

  • The following code shows the default configurations of the Flash player provided by ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web:

    skinLayout:[
        {name:"bigPlayButton", align:"blabs", x:30, y:80},
        {
          name:"controlBar", align:"blabs", x:0, y:0,
          children: [
            {name:"progress", align:"tlabs", x: 0, y:0},
            {name:"playButton", align:"tl", x:15, y:26},
            {name:"nextButton", align:"tl", x:10, y:26},
            {name:"timeDisplay", align:"tl", x:10, y:24},
            {name:"fullScreenButton", align:"tr", x:10, y:25},
            {name:"streamButton", align:"tr", x:10, y:23},
            {name:"volume", align:"tr", x:10, y:25}
          ]
        },
        {
          name:"fullControlBar", align:"tlabs", x:0, y:0,
          children: [
            {name:"fullTitle", align:"tl", x:25, y:6},
            {name:"fullNormalScreenButton", align:"tr", x:24, y:13},
            {name:"fullTimeDisplay", align:"tr", x:10, y:12},
            {name:"fullZoom", align:"cc"}
          ]
        }
    ]

• Error UI

  ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web provides a default error UI. You can also customize the error UI by using one of the following methods. For more information, see Customize the error UI for the HTML5 player.

  • Modify the CSS file of the default error UI

    You can customize the error UI based on the default error UI. You can modify the CSS file to change the background color, font, and position and specify whether to display the error message.

  • Define a new error UI

    To define a new error UI, you must subscribe to error events.

• Configure the player skin

  If the UI provided by ApsaraVideo Player SDK for web cannot meet your business requirements, you can modify the CSS file to customize the player skin.

  Configure the skin for the HTML5 player

  Note

  For more information about the configurations, see the CSS file aliplayer-min.css of the player. The following sample code provides an example on how to configure a large play button. For more information, see Configure the player skin.

  .prism-player .prism-big-play-btn {
    width: 90px;
    height: 90px;
    background: url("//gw.alicdn.com/tps/TB1YuE3KFXXXXaAXFXXXXXXXXXX-256-512.png") no-repeat -2px -2px;
  }

  Configure the skin for the Flash player

  Store the skin.png and skin.xml files in the http://[domain]/[path]/ directory. Then, specify skinRes:"http://domain/path/skin" for the player.

  Note

  The following sample code provides an example on how to configure a large play button. For more information, see Configure the player skin.

  <SubTexture name="bigPlayDown" x="2" y="94" width="90" height="90"/>
  <SubTexture name="bigPlayOver" x="94" y="2" width="90" height="90"/>
  <SubTexture name="bigPlayUp" x="2" y="2" width="90" height="90"/>

Customize the video thumbnail

Each video that you upload to ApsaraVideo VOD has a thumbnail. ApsaraVideo VOD provides multiple methods for you to change the thumbnail. Before you upload a video, you can specify an image or a video snapshot as the thumbnail. You can change the thumbnail after the video is uploaded. You can customize the video thumbnail by using one of the following methods:

• Configure the video thumbnail in the ApsaraVideo VOD console. For more information, see Set the video thumbnail.

• Configure the video thumbnail by setting the cover attribute of the player.

  var player = new Aliplayer({
   "id": "player-con",
   "source":"//player.alicdn.com/video/aliyunm****.mp4",
    "cover":"Thumbnail URL",
  },
   function () { } 
  );

Video snapshots

ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web of a version later than V2.1.0 allows you to capture snapshots during playback. The captured snapshots can be of the image or jpeg type. The snapshot feature must be separately enabled. When a snapshot is captured, the player returns Base64-encoded binary image data of the snapshot and the playback position at which the snapshot is captured from the source video.

Enable the snapshot feature

• Enable the snapshot feature for the HTML5 player

  Important

  You cannot capture snapshots from Flash Video (FLV) videos that are played in Safari. The snapshot button does not appear even if you enable the snapshot feature. Canvas is the element that enables the snapshot feature for an HTML5 player. You must add a header that allows cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) for the playback domain. For more information, see Configure CORS.

  Add the settings of the snapshot UI to the skinLayout attribute. Sample code:

      skinLayout:[
      {name: "bigPlayButton", align: "blabs", x: 30, y: 80},
      {
        name: "H5Loading", align: "cc"
      },
      {name: "errorDisplay", align: "tlabs", x: 0, y: 0},
      {name: "infoDisplay"},
      {name:"tooltip", align:"blabs",x: 0, y: 56},
      {name: "thumbnail"},
      {
        name: "controlBar", align: "blabs", x: 0, y: 0,
        children: [
          {name: "progress", align: "blabs", x: 0, y: 44},
          {name: "playButton", align: "tl", x: 15, y: 12},
          {name: "timeDisplay", align: "tl", x: 10, y: 7},
          {name: "fullScreenButton", align: "tr", x: 10, y: 12},
          {name:"subtitle", align:"tr",x:15, y:12},
          {name:"setting", align:"tr",x:15, y:12},
          {name: "volume", align: "tr", x: 15, y: 10},
          {name: "snapshot", align: "tr", x: 5, y: 12},
        ]
      }
    ]

  To enable the snapshot feature for an HTML5 player, you must set crossOrigin to anonymous to allow anonymous cross-origin requests. Sample code:

    extraInfo:{
      crossOrigin:"anonymous"
    }

• Enable the snapshot feature for the Flash player

  Note

  You cannot capture snapshots during the playback of Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) streams.

  To enable the snapshot feature for the Flash player, you must set the snapshot attribute to true.

Set the snapshot size and quality

// Set the snapshot width to 300, height to 200, and quality to 0.9.
// The snapshot height and width are displayed in pixels. You can set the snapshot quality to a value ranging from 0 to 1. The default value is 1.
player.setSanpshotProperties(300,200,0.9)

Subscribe to the snapshoted event

player.on("snapshoted", function(data) {
     console.log(data.paramData.time);
     console.log(data.paramData.base64);
     console.log(data.paramData.binary);
 });

Snapshot watermark

snapshotWatermark:{
    left:"100",
    top:"100",
    text:"test",
    font:"italic bold 48px arial",
    strokeColor:"red",
    fillColor:'green'
  }

const player = new Aliplayer({
  "id": "player-con",
  "source": "https://player.alicdn.com/video/aliyunmedia.mp4",
  "width": "100%",
}, function (player) {
    console.log("The player is created");
  }
);

let lastTime = 0;
player.on('timeupdate', () => {
  if (!player.tag.seeking) {
    // Obtain the last playback position.
    lastTime = player.getCurrentTime();
  }
})

player.on('seeking', () => {
  var delta = player.getCurrentTime() - lastTime;
  if (Math.abs(delta) > 0.01) {
    console.log("Seeking is disabled");
    // The player seeks to the old playback position when a user drags the progress handle.
    // This feature is not available in QQ Browser for iOS because you cannot obtain or modify the currentTime parameter in QQ Browser.
    player.tag.currentTime = lastTime;
  }
});

player.on('ended', function() {
    lastTime = 0;
});

Features for long videos

Adaptive bitrate streaming for HLS streams

To play a video in multiple bitrates, you must set the source parameter to a multi-bitrate playback URL, which is called a master playlist. You must also set the isVBR parameter to true. Adaptive bitrate streaming adjusts video quality based on network conditions. You can also adjust video quality based on your business requirements.

Obtain the playback URL

Obtain the playback URL of a video in multiple bitrates: player._hls.levels[player._hls.currentLevel].

varplayer = newAliplayer({
 "id":"player-con",
 "source":"Multi-bitrate playback URL",
 "isVBR":true,
 },
 function () { } 
);

The following figure shows the video quality setting.

Configure external subtitles

// Change the subtitle language.
var lang = 'zh-Hans/en-US';
player._ccService.switch(lang);
player._ccService.updateUI(lang); // The UI elements are not automatically updated. You can call API operations to update the UI elements.

// Turn on subtitles.
var result = player._ccService.open();
player._ccService.updateUI(result.language);

// Turn off subtitles.
player._ccService.close();
player._ccService.updateUI();

Multiple audio tracks

No manual configurations are required for ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web. The following figure shows the audio track setting.

Multiple languages

By default, ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web supports Chinese and English and automatically switches between Chinese and English based on the language settings of the browser. ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web allows you to specify custom languages. ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web allows you to play videos in multiple regions based on ApsaraVideo VOD. You can play videos stored in regions of Southeast Asia and Europe based on video IDs and playback credentials.

Usage notes for the language attribute

var player = new Aliplayer({
    id: "player-con",
    source: "",
    width: "100%",
    height: "500px",
    autoplay: true,
    language: "en-us",
  }, function (player) {
    console.log("The player is created.");
  });

Create a player with UI elements in English

var player = new Aliplayer({
 "id": "player-con",
 "source": "",
 "language": "en-us" // zh-cn indicates Chinese. en-us indicates English. 
 },
 function (player) {}
);

Specify a custom language for the player

If you want the player to support UI resources in languages other than Chinese and English, you must specify the languageTexts attribute. languageTexts contains a list of key-value pairs. The value of the language attribute specifies the key, and the JSON value specifies the UI resources to be translated into the specified language. Sample code:

var player = new Aliplayer({
 "id": "player-con",
 "source": "",
 "language": "CustomLanguage",// Specify a language in the STRING type.
"languageTexts":{
    "CustomLanguage":{
        "Pause":"Pause"
        // Other parameters. For more information, visit https://player.alicdn.com/lang.json? spm=a2c4g.11186623.0.0.5a746515vnwUSi&file=lang.json
            }
        }
    },
    function (player) {} 
);

Play video resources that are stored in multiple regions

ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web allows you to play videos stored in the China (Shanghai), Germany (Frankfurt), and Singapore regions. You can play videos by using video IDs and playback credentials or by using Security Token Service (STS). The player parses the region information and obtains the playback URL of the video in the corresponding region.

• Playback based on video IDs and playback credentials: The player parses the region information from the playback credential to obtain the playback URL of the video. In this case, you do not need to specify the region in the configurations.

• STS-based playback: You can specify the region in which the video you want to play resides by setting the region attribute. Valid values for the region attribute: cn-shanghai, eu-central-1, and ap-southeast-1. Default value: cn-shanghai. Sample code:

  var player = new Aliplayer({
      id: "player-con",
      width: "100%",
      height: "500px",
      autoplay: true,
      language: "en-us",
      vid : '1e067a2831b641db90d570b6480f****',
      accessKeyId: '',// The AccessKey ID that is generated when the temporary STS token is issued. 
      securityToken: '',// The temporary STS token. To generate an STS token, call the AssumeRole operation. 
      accessKeySecret: ''// The AccessKey ID that is generated when the temporary STS token is issued. 
      region:'eu-central-1',// The Germany (Frankfurt) region.
    }, function (player) {
      console.log("The player is created.");
    });

Play H.265 and H.266 videos

Usage notes

• ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web V2.14.0 or later supports playback of H.265 videos and ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web V2.20.2 or later supports playback of H.266 videos. To play H.265 and H.266 videos, submit a request on Yida to apply for a license.

• For more information about the formats of H.265 and H.266 audio and video files that you can play by using ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web, see Supported protocols.

• Before you play H.265 and H.266 videos, take note of the requirements described in the following table.

  Item	Description
  Environment requirements	The player sends AJAX range requests to access video resources. Your browser must meet the following requirements: Supports HTTP range requests. For more information, see HTTP range requests. Supports the OPTIONS method. Before a browser such as Firefox sends an AJAX request with a range header, the browser first sends an HTTP OPTIONS request.
  Compatibility	H.265 Devices that run iOS 11 or later support playback of H.265 videos. Specific browsers on Android devices such as the built-in browser, WeChat browser, UC Browser, and QQ Browser support hardware decoding of H.265 videos. The support for software decoding of H.265 videos on browsers such as Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Firefox depends on whether the browsers support the WebAssembly API. For more information, visit WebAssembly. If you use Chrome or Chromium on your device, update Chrome or Chromium to V74 or later. WebAssembly cannot work as expected on Chrome and Chromium of versions earlier than V74. H.266 No browser natively supports playback of H.266 videos. In this case, software decoding is required to play H.266 videos in browsers. The support for software decoding of H.266 videos on browsers depends on whether the browsers support the WebAssembly API. For more information, visit WebAssembly. If you use Chrome or Chromium on your device, update Chrome or Chromium to V74 or later. WebAssembly cannot work as expected on Chrome and Chromium of versions earlier than V74. Devices that run iOS 16.4 or earlier and most medium and low-end Android devices do not support software decoding of H.266 videos.
  Software decoding performance	H.265 You can use browsers on PCs to play videos that are in 2K or lower resolutions in multi-thread processes and play videos in 1080p or lower definitions in single-thread processes. The frame rates of the videos cannot exceed 30 frames per second (FPS). You can use browsers on mobile devices to play videos that are in 720p or lower resolutions in single-thread processes. The frame rates of the videos cannot exceed 30 FPS. The software decoding performance of a mobile device varies based on the chip performance of the device. The following items describe the chips that support software decoding of videos in single-thread processes. The videos are in 720p and the FPS of the videos are 30. Snapdragon 855 or later Kirin 820 or later Tianjic 800 or later H.266 You can use browsers on PCs to play videos that are in 1080p or lower resolutions in multi-thread processes and play videos in 720p or lower definitions in single-thread processes. The frame rates of the videos cannot exceed 30 FPS. You can use browsers on mobile devices to play videos that are in 720p or lower resolutions in single-thread processes. The frame rates of the videos cannot exceed 30 FPS. The software decoding performance of a mobile device varies based on the chip performance of the device. The following items describe the chips that support software decoding of videos in single-thread processes. The videos are in 720p and the FPS of the videos are 30. Snapdragon 855 or later Kirin 820 or later

Integrate the ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web

<div class="prism-player" id="player-con"></div>
<script>
var options = {
  id: "player-con",
  source: "//demo.example.com/video/test/h265/test_480p_mp4_h265.mp4",
  enableH265: true,
  license: {
    domain: "example.com",
    key: "example-key"
  }
}
var player = new Aliplayer(options);
</script>

<div class="prism-player" id="player-con"></div>
<script>
var options = {
  id: "player-con",
  source: "//demo.example.com/video/test/h266/test_480p_mp4_h266.mp4",
  enableH266: true,
  license: {
    domain: "example.com",
    key: "example-key"
  }
}
var player = new Aliplayer(options);
</script>

{
  //... Configure other parameters.
  source: JSON.stringify({
      FD: '//h265_fd.mp4',
      HD: '//h265_hd.mp4'
    }),
}

Select a decoding method

Use a degraded protocol for playback

player.on('error', (e) => {
        var code = String(e.paramData.error_code);
    if (['4300', '4301', '4302', '4303', '4304'].indexOf(code) > -1) {
      // Notify the user or use a degraded protocol for playback if the API operation is not supported in your browser or video decoding failed.
    }
});

player.on('h265DecoderOverload', (e) => {
    var data = e.paramData;
    // data.decodedFps specifies the number of frames per second that are decoded by using software decoding.
    // data.fps specifies the frame rate of the current video.
    // data.playbackRate specifies the current playback speed.
    // If the product of data.fps and data.playbackRate is greater than data.decodedFps for more than 5 seconds, an error event occurs. In this case, stuttering may occur during playback. You need to notify the user or use a degraded protocol for playback.
});
                            

  var player;

  // Create a player.
  function createPlayer(_options) {
    player && player.dispose();
    player = new Aliplayer(_options);
    player.on('error', (e) => {
      var code = String(e.paramData.error_code);
      if (['4300', '4301', '4302', '4303', '4304'].indexOf(code) > -1) {
        fallbackTo264(_options)
      }
    });
    player.on('h265DecoderOverload', () => {
      // We recommend that you use a degraded protocol for playback after two consecutive error events are triggered because decoding may also trigger an error event.
      fallbackTo264(_options)
    })
    return player;
  }

  // Configure a degradation logic.
  function fallbackTo264(_options) {
      // Specify the playback URL of an H.264 video for the source parameter.
      _options.source = '//h264.mp4';
      // Set enableH265.to false to disable codec sniffing.
      _options.enableH265 = false;
      createPlayer(_options);
  }

  // Initialize the player.
  var options = {
    id: "player-con",
    source: "//h265.mp4",
    enableH265: true
  }
  createPlayer(options)

player.on('error', (e) => {
        var code = String(e.paramData.error_code);
    if (['4300', '4301', '4302', '4303', '4304'].indexOf(code) > -1) {
      // Notify the user or use a degraded protocol for playback if the API operation is not supported in your browser or video decoding failed.
    }
});          

  var player;

  // Create a player.
  function createPlayer(_options) {
    player && player.dispose();
    player = new Aliplayer(_options);
    player.on('error', (e) => {
      var code = String(e.paramData.error_code);
      if (['4300', '4301', '4302', '4303', '4304'].indexOf(code) > -1) {
        fallbackTo264(_options)
      }
    });
    return player;
  }

  // Configure a degradation logic.
  function fallbackTo264(_options) {
      // Specify the playback URL of an H.264 video for the source parameter.
      _options.source = '//h264.mp4';
      // Set enableH266. to false to disable codec sniffing.
      _options.enableH266 = false;
      createPlayer(_options);
  }

  // Initialize the player.
  var options = {
    id: "player-con",
    source: "//h266.mp4",
    enableH266: true
  }
  createPlayer(options)

API

For more information about the attributes, methods, and events that are supported in ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web and corresponding descriptions and examples, see API operations. The following section describes the attributes, methods, and events that are supported for H.265 and H.266 videos:

• Supported attributes

  source, autoplay, rePlay, preload, cover, width, height, skinLayout, waitingTimeout, vodRetry, keyShortCuts, and keyFastForwardStep

• Supported methods

  play, pause, replay, seek, dispose, getCurrentTime, getDuration, getVolume, setVolume, loadByUrl, setPlayerSize, setSpeed, setSanpshotProperties, fullscreenService, getStatus, setRotate, getRotate, setImage, setCover, setProgressMarkers, setPreviewTime, getPreviewTime, and isPreview

• Supported events

  ready, play, pause, canplay, playing, ended, hideBar, showBar, waiting, timeupdate, snapshoted, requestFullScreen, cancelFullScreen, error, startSeek, completeSeek, h265PlayInfo, and h266PlayInfo

  Note

  The h265PlayInfo and h266PlayInfo callbacks returns the playback method that is used for the H.265 or H.266 video. renderType indicates the playback method, simd indicates SIMD processing, and wasmThreads indicates multi-tread processing.

Error codes

The following table describes the error codes that may be returned for H.265 and H.266 playback errors. For more information about other error codes, see API operations.

Enable multi-thread processing

Example

Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin
Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy: require-corp

Time shifting of live streaming in HTML5 players

• Enable time shifting

  • You must enable time shifting in ApsaraVideo Live. For more information, see Time shifting.

  • The following table describes the attributes that you must set to enable time shifting for a player.

    Attribute	Description
    isLive	Set the value to true.
    liveTimeShiftUrl	The URL that is used to query the time shifting information.
    liveStartTime	The start time of live streaming.
    liveOverTime	The end time of live streaming.
    liveShiftSource	The HLS URL for time shifting. Note This attribute is required only for FLV live streams.
    liveShiftMinOffset	A specific period of time is required for generating TS segments during time shifting. If you seek to a position that is extremely close to the current live streaming time, TS segments fail to be generated and a 404 error is reported. A minimum period of time must be specified between the seek position and the current live streaming time. You can set this parameter to specify a period of time in seconds. Default value: 30. A segment is generated every 10 seconds. This ensures that at least three segments exist.

• Time shifting UI

  The time shifting UI is mainly a progress bar, which displays time in the area that supports time shifting.

  Note

  The time area displays the current playback time, end time of live streaming, and current live streaming time from left to right.

• Change the end time of live streaming

  You can call the liveShiftSerivce.setLiveTimeRange method to change the start and end time of live streaming. The UI changes when the start or end time changes. Sample code:

  player.liveShiftSerivce.setLiveTimeRange(""'2018/01/04 20:00:00')

• FLV for live streaming and HLS for time shifting

  To reduce latency, we recommend you use FLV for live streaming and HLS for time shifting.

  Configurations of ApsaraVideo Player SDK for Web:

  • source: The URL of the live stream in the FLV format.

  • liveShiftSource: The URL of the time shifting stream in the HLS format.

  Sample code:

  {
   source:'http://localhost/live****/example.flv',
   liveShiftSource:'http://localhost/live****/example.m3u8',
  }