This topic describes the SQL statements that are available in AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL and the syntax of the statements.
- ABORT
- ALTER AGGREGATE
- ALTER CONVERSION
- ALTER DATABASE
- ALTER DOMAIN
- ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
- ALTER FUNCTION
- ALTER GROUP
- ALTER INDEX
- ALTER OPERATOR
- ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE
- ALTER ROLE
- ALTER SCHEMA
- ALTER SEQUENCE
- ALTER TABLE
- ALTER TYPE
- ALTER USER
- ANALYZE
- BEGIN
- CHECKPOINT
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- COMMENT
- COMMIT
- COPY
- CREATE AGGREGATE
- CREATE CAST
- CREATE CONVERSION
- CREATE DATABASE
- CREATE DOMAIN
- CREATE EXTENSION
- CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
- CREATE FUNCTION
- CREATE GROUP
- CREATE INDEX
- CREATE LIBRARY
- CREATE OPERATOR
- CREATE RESOURCE QUEUE
- CREATE ROLE
- CREATE RULE
- CREATE SCHEMA
- CREATE SEQUENCE
- CREATE TABLE
- CREATE TABLE AS
- CREATE TYPE
- CREATE USER
- CREATE VIEW
- DEALLOCATE
- DECLARE
- DELETE
- DROP AGGREGATE
- DROP CAST
- DROP CONVERSION
- DROP DATABASE
- DROP DOMAIN
- DROP EXTENSION
- DROP EXTERNAL TABLE
- DROP FUNCTION
- DROP GROUP
- DROP INDEX
- DROP LIBRARY
- DROP OPERATOR
- DROP OWNED
- DROP RESOURCE QUEUE
- DROP ROLE
- DROP RULE
- DROP SCHEMA
- DROP SEQUENCE
- DROP TABLE
- DROP TYPE
- DROP USER
- DROP VIEW
- END
- EXECUTE
- EXPLAIN
- FETCH
- GRANT
- INSERT
- LOAD
- LOCK
- MOVE
- PREPARE
- REASSIGN OWNED
- REINDEX
- RELEASE SAVEPOINT
- RESET
- REVOKE
- ROLLBACK
- ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
- SAVEPOINT
- SELECT
- SELECT INTO
- SET
- SET ROLE
- SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
- SET TRANSACTION
- SHOW
- START TRANSACTION
- TRUNCATE
- UPDATE
- VACUUM
- VALUES
ABORT
Aborts the current transaction.
ABORT [WORK | TRANSACTION]
For more information, see ABORT.
ALTER AGGREGATE
Changes the definition of an aggregate function.
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) SET SCHEMA new_schema
For more information, see ALTER AGGREGATE.
ALTER CONVERSION
Changes the definition of a conversion.
ALTER CONVERSION name RENAME TO newname
ALTER CONVERSION name OWNER TO newowner
For more information, see ALTER CONVERSION.
ALTER DATABASE
Changes the attributes of a database.
ALTER DATABASE name [ WITH CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit ]
ALTER DATABASE name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE name RESET parameter
ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner
For more information, see ALTER DATABASE.
ALTER DOMAIN
Changes the definition of a domain.
ALTER DOMAIN name { SET DEFAULT expression | DROP DEFAULT }
ALTER DOMAIN name { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER DOMAIN name ADD domain_constraint
ALTER DOMAIN name DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [RESTRICT | CASCADE]
ALTER DOMAIN name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DOMAIN name SET SCHEMA new_schema
For more information, see ALTER DOMAIN.
ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE
Changes the definition of an external table.
ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE name RENAME [COLUMN] column TO new_column
ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE name SET SCHEMA new_schema
ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE name action [, ... ]
For more information, see ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE.
ALTER FUNCTION
Changes the definition of a function.
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...] ] )
action [, ... ] [RESTRICT]
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...] ] )
RENAME TO new_name
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...] ] )
OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...] ] )
SET SCHEMA new_schema
For more information, see ALTER FUNCTION.
ALTER GROUP
Changes a role name or membership.
ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO newname
For more information, see ALTER GROUP.
ALTER INDEX
Changes the definition of an index.
ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name
ALTER INDEX name SET ( FILLFACTOR = value )
ALTER INDEX name RESET ( FILLFACTOR )
For more information, see ALTER INDEX.
ALTER OPERATOR
Changes the definition of an operator.
ALTER OPERATOR name ( {lefttype | NONE} , {righttype | NONE} )
OWNER TO newowner
For more information, see ALTER OPERATOR.
ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE
Changes the limits of a resource queue.
ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE name WITH ( queue_attribute=value [, ... ] )
For more information, see ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE.
ALTER ROLE
Changes a database role (user or group).
ALTER ROLE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER ROLE name SET config_parameter {TO | =} {value | DEFAULT}
ALTER ROLE name RESET config_parameter
ALTER ROLE name RESOURCE QUEUE {queue_name | NONE}
ALTER ROLE name [ [WITH] option [ ... ] ]
For more information, see ALTER ROLE.
ALTER SCHEMA
Changes the definition of a schema.
ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO newname
ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO newowner
For more information, see ALTER SCHEMA.
ALTER SEQUENCE
Changes the definition of a sequence generator.
ALTER SEQUENCE name [INCREMENT [ BY ] increment]
[MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE]
[MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE]
[RESTART [ WITH ] start]
[CACHE cache] [[ NO ] CYCLE]
[OWNED BY {table.column | NONE}]
ALTER SEQUENCE name SET SCHEMA new_schema
For more information, see ALTER SEQUENCE.
ALTER TABLE
Changes the definition of a table.
ALTER TABLE [ONLY] name RENAME [COLUMN] column TO new_column
ALTER TABLE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TABLE name SET SCHEMA new_schema
ALTER TABLE [ONLY] name SET
DISTRIBUTED BY (column, [ ... ] )
| DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY
| WITH (REORGANIZE=true|false)
ALTER TABLE [ONLY] name action [, ... ]
ALTER TABLE name
[ ALTER PARTITION { partition_name | FOR (RANK(number))
| FOR (value) } partition_action [...] ]
partition_action
For more information, see ALTER TABLE.
ALTER TYPE
Changes the definition of a data type.
ALTER TYPE name
OWNER TO new_owner | SET SCHEMA new_schema
For more information, see ALTER TYPE.
ALTER USER
Changes the definition of a database role (user).
ALTER USER name RENAME TO newname
ALTER USER name SET config_parameter {TO | =} {value | DEFAULT}
ALTER USER name RESET config_parameter
ALTER USER name [ [WITH] option [ ... ] ]
For more information, see ALTER USER.
ANALYZE
Collects statistics about a database.
ANALYZE [VERBOSE] [ROOTPARTITION [ALL] ]
[table [ (column [, ...] ) ]]
For more information, see ANALYZE.
BEGIN
Starts a transaction block.
BEGIN [WORK | TRANSACTION] [transaction_mode]
[READ ONLY | READ WRITE]
For more information, see BEGIN.
CHECKPOINT
Forces a transaction log checkpoint.
CHECKPOINT
For more information, see CHECKPOINT.
CLOSE
Closes a cursor.
CLOSE cursor_name
For more information, see CLOSE.
CLUSTER
Physically reorders heap storage tables on a disk based on an index. We recommend that you do not use this statement.
CLUSTER indexname ON tablename
CLUSTER tablename
CLUSTER
For more information, see CLUSTER.
COMMENT
Defines or changes the comments of an object.
COMMENT ON
{ TABLE object_name |
COLUMN table_name.column_name |
AGGREGATE agg_name (agg_type [, ...]) |
CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) |
CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
CONVERSION object_name |
DATABASE object_name |
DOMAIN object_name |
FILESPACE object_name |
FUNCTION func_name ([[argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...]]) |
INDEX object_name |
LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
OPERATOR op (leftoperand_type, rightoperand_type) |
OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
[PROCEDURAL] LANGUAGE object_name |
RESOURCE QUEUE object_name |
ROLE object_name |
RULE rule_name ON table_name |
SCHEMA object_name |
SEQUENCE object_name |
TABLESPACE object_name |
TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
TYPE object_name |
VIEW object_name }
IS 'text'
For more information, see COMMENT.
COMMIT
Commits the current transaction.
COMMIT [WORK | TRANSACTION]
For more information, see COMMIT.
COPY
Copies data between a file and a table.
COPY table [(column [, ...])] FROM {'file' | STDIN}
[ [WITH]
[BINARY]
[OIDS]
[HEADER]
[DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter']
[NULL [ AS ] 'null string']
[ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' | 'OFF']
[NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
[CSV [QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote']
[FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...]]
[FILL MISSING FIELDS]
[[LOG ERRORS]
SEGMENT REJECT LIMIT count [ROWS | PERCENT] ]
COPY {table [(column [, ...])] | (query)} TO {'file' | STDOUT}
[ [WITH]
[ON SEGMENT]
[BINARY]
[OIDS]
[HEADER]
[DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter']
[NULL [ AS ] 'null string']
[ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' | 'OFF']
[CSV [QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote']
[FORCE QUOTE column [, ...]] ]
[IGNORE EXTERNAL PARTITIONS ]
For more information, see COPY.
CREATE AGGREGATE
Defines a new aggregate function.
CREATE [ORDERED] AGGREGATE name (input_data_type [ , ... ])
( SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[, PREFUNC = prefunc]
[, FINALFUNC = ffunc]
[, INITCOND = initial_condition]
[, SORTOP = sort_operator] )
For more information, see CREATE AGGREGATE.
CREATE CAST
Defines a new cast.
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
WITH FUNCTION funcname (argtypes)
[AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT]
CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) WITHOUT FUNCTION
[AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT]
For more information, see CREATE CAST.
CREATE CONVERSION
Defines a new encoding conversion.
CREATE [DEFAULT] CONVERSION name FOR source_encoding TO
dest_encoding FROM funcname
For more information, see CREATE CONVERSION.
CREATE DATABASE
Creates a new database.
CREATE DATABASE name [ [WITH] [OWNER [=] dbowner]
[TEMPLATE [=] template]
[ENCODING [=] encoding]
[CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ] ]
For more information, see CREATE DATABASE.
CREATE DOMAIN
Defines a new domain.
CREATE DOMAIN name [AS] data_type [DEFAULT expression]
[CONSTRAINT constraint_name
| NOT NULL | NULL
| CHECK (expression) [...]]
For more information, see CREATE DOMAIN.
CREATE EXTENSION
Registers an extension in a database.
CREATE EXTENSION [ IF NOT EXISTS ] extension_name
[ WITH ] [ SCHEMA schema_name ]
[ VERSION version ]
[ FROM old_version ]
[ CASCADE ]
For more information, see CREATE EXTENSION.
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
Defines an external table.
CREATE [READABLE] EXTERNAL TABLE tablename
( columnname datatype [, ...] | LIKE othertable )
LOCATION ('ossprotocol')
FORMAT 'TEXT'
[( [HEADER]
[DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter' | 'OFF']
[NULL [AS] 'null string']
[ESCAPE [AS] 'escape' | 'OFF']
[NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
[FILL MISSING FIELDS] )]
| 'CSV'
[( [HEADER]
[QUOTE [AS] 'quote']
[DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter']
[NULL [AS] 'null string']
[FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...]]
[ESCAPE [AS] 'escape']
[NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
[FILL MISSING FIELDS] )]
[ ENCODING 'encoding' ]
[ [LOG ERRORS [INTO error_table]] SEGMENT REJECT LIMIT count
[ROWS | PERCENT] ]
CREATE WRITABLE EXTERNAL TABLE table_name
( column_name data_type [, ...] | LIKE other_table )
LOCATION ('ossprotocol')
FORMAT 'TEXT'
[( [DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter']
[NULL [AS] 'null string']
[ESCAPE [AS] 'escape' | 'OFF'] )]
| 'CSV'
[([QUOTE [AS] 'quote']
[DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter']
[NULL [AS] 'null string']
[FORCE QUOTE column [, ...]] ]
[ESCAPE [AS] 'escape'] )]
[ ENCODING 'encoding' ]
[ DISTRIBUTED BY (column, [ ... ] ) | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY ]
ossprotocol:
oss://oss_endpoint prefix=prefix_name
id=userossid key=userosskey bucket=ossbucket compressiontype=[none|gzip] async=[true|false]
ossprotocol:
oss://oss_endpoint dir=[folder/[folder/]...]/file_name
id=userossid key=userosskey bucket=ossbucket compressiontype=[none|gzip] async=[true|false]
ossprotocol:
oss://oss_endpoint filepath=[folder/[folder/]...]/file_name
id=userossid key=userosskey bucket=ossbucket compressiontype=[none|gzip] async=[true|false]
For more information, see CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE.
CREATE FUNCTION
Defines a function.
CREATE [OR REPLACE] FUNCTION name
( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [ { DEFAULT | = } defexpr ] [, ...] ] )
[ RETURNS { [ SETOF ] rettype
| TABLE ([{ argname argtype | LIKE other table }
[, ...]])
} ]
{ LANGUAGE langname
| IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
| CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
| [EXTERNAL] SECURITY INVOKER | [EXTERNAL] SECURITY DEFINE
| COST execution_cost
| SET configuration_parameter { TO value | = value | FROM CURRENT }
| AS 'definition'
| AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol' } ...
[ WITH ({ DESCRIBE = describe_function
} [, ...] ) ]
For more information, see CREATE FUNCTION.
CREATE GROUP
Defines a new database role.
CREATE GROUP name [ [WITH] option [ ... ] ]
For more information, see CREATE GROUP.
CREATE INDEX
Defines a new index.
CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX name ON table
[USING btree|bitmap|gist]
( {column | (expression)} [opclass] [, ...] )
[ WITH ( FILLFACTOR = value ) ]
[TABLESPACE tablespace]
[WHERE predicate]
For more information, see CREATE INDEX.
CREATE LIBRARY
Creates a custom software table.
CREATE LIBRARY library_name LANGUAGE [JAVA] FROM oss_location OWNER ownername
CREATE LIBRARY library_name LANGUAGE [JAVA] VALUES file_content_hex OWNER ownername
For more information, see CREATE LIBRARY.
CREATE OPERATOR
Defines a new operator.
CREATE OPERATOR name (
PROCEDURE = funcname
[, LEFTARG = lefttype] [, RIGHTARG = righttype]
[, COMMUTATOR = com_op] [, NEGATOR = neg_op]
[, RESTRICT = res_proc] [, JOIN = join_proc]
[, HASHES] [, MERGES]
[, SORT1 = left_sort_op] [, SORT2 = right_sort_op]
[, LTCMP = less_than_op] [, GTCMP = greater_than_op] )
For more information, see CREATE OPERATOR.
CREATE RESOURCE QUEUE
Defines a new resource queue.
CREATE RESOURCE QUEUE name WITH (queue_attribute=value [, ... ])
For more information, see CREATE RESOURCE QUEUE.
CREATE ROLE
Defines a new database role (user or group).
CREATE ROLE name [[WITH] option [ ... ]]
For more information, see CREATE ROLE.
CREATE RULE
Defines a new rewrite rule.
CREATE [OR REPLACE] RULE name AS ON event
TO table [WHERE condition]
DO [ALSO | INSTEAD] { NOTHING | command | (command; command
...) }
For more information, see CREATE RULE.
CREATE SCHEMA
Defines a new schema.
CREATE SCHEMA schema_name [AUTHORIZATION username]
[schema_element [ ... ]]
CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION rolename [schema_element [ ... ]]
For more information, see CREATE SCHEMA.
CREATE SEQUENCE
Defines a new sequence generator.
CREATE [TEMPORARY | TEMP] SEQUENCE name
[INCREMENT [BY] value]
[MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE]
[MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE]
[START [ WITH ] start]
[CACHE cache]
[[NO] CYCLE]
[OWNED BY { table.column | NONE }]
For more information, see CREATE SEQUENCE.
CREATE TABLE
Defines a new table.
CREATE [[GLOBAL | LOCAL] {TEMPORARY | TEMP}] TABLE table_name (
[ { column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ]
[column_constraint [ ... ]
[ ENCODING ( storage_directive [,...] ) ]
]
| table_constraint
| LIKE other_table [{INCLUDING | EXCLUDING}
{DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS}] ...}
[, ... ] ]
)
[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter=value [, ... ] )
[ ON COMMIT {PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP} ]
[ DISTRIBUTED BY (column, [ ... ] ) | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY ]
[ PARTITION BY partition_type (column)
[ SUBPARTITION BY partition_type (column) ]
[ SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE ( template_spec ) ]
[...]
( partition_spec )
| [ SUBPARTITION BY partition_type (column) ]
[...]
( partition_spec
[ ( subpartition_spec
[(...)]
) ]
)
For more information, see CREATE TABLE.
CREATE TABLE AS
Defines a new table from the results of a query.
CREATE [ [GLOBAL | LOCAL] {TEMPORARY | TEMP} ] TABLE table_name
[(column_name [, ...] )]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter=value [, ... ] ) ]
[ON COMMIT {PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP}]
[TABLESPACE tablespace]
AS query
[DISTRIBUTED BY (column, [ ... ] ) | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY]
For more information, see CREATE TABLE AS.
CREATE TRIGGER
Defines a new trigger.
CREATE TRIGGER name {BEFORE | AFTER} {event [OR ...]}
ON table [ FOR [EACH] {ROW | STATEMENT} ]
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( arguments )
For more information, see CREATE TRIGGER.
CREATE TYPE
Defines a new data type.
CREATE TYPE name AS ( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name AS ENUM ( 'label' [, ... ] )
CREATE TYPE name (
INPUT = input_function,
OUTPUT = output_function
[, RECEIVE = receive_function]
[, SEND = send_function]
[, TYPMOD_IN = type_modifier_input_function ]
[, TYPMOD_OUT = type_modifier_output_function ]
[, INTERNALLENGTH = {internallength | VARIABLE}]
[, PASSEDBYVALUE]
[, ALIGNMENT = alignment]
[, STORAGE = storage]
[, DEFAULT = default]
[, ELEMENT = element]
[, DELIMITER = delimiter] )
CREATE TYPE name
For more information, see CREATE TYPE.
CREATE USER
Defines a database role that has the LOGIN permission.
CREATE USER name [ [WITH] option [ ... ] ]
For more information, see CREATE USER.
CREATE VIEW
Defines a new view.
CREATE [OR REPLACE] [TEMP | TEMPORARY] VIEW name
[ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
AS query
For more information, see CREATE VIEW.
DEALLOCATE
Deallocates a prepared statement.
DEALLOCATE [PREPARE] name
For more information, see DEALLOCATE.
DECLARE
Defines a cursor.
DECLARE name [BINARY] [INSENSITIVE] [NO SCROLL] CURSOR
[{WITH | WITHOUT} HOLD]
FOR query [FOR READ ONLY]
For more information, see DECLARE.
DELETE
Deletes rows from a table.
DELETE FROM [ONLY] table [[AS] alias]
[USING usinglist]
[WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
For more information, see DELETE.
DROP AGGREGATE
Deletes an aggregate function.
DROP AGGREGATE [IF EXISTS] name ( type [, ...] ) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP AGGREGATE.
DROP CAST
Deletes a cast.
DROP CAST [IF EXISTS] (sourcetype AS targettype) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP CAST.
DROP CONVERSION
Deletes a conversion.
DROP CONVERSION [IF EXISTS] name [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP CONVERSION.
DROP DATABASE
Deletes a database.
DROP DATABASE [IF EXISTS] name
For more information, see DROP DATABASE.
DROP DOMAIN
Deletes a domain.
DROP DOMAIN [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP DOMAIN.
DROP EXTENSION
Deletes an extension from a database.
DROP EXTENSION [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
For more information, see DROP EXTENSION.
DROP EXTERNAL TABLE
Deletes the definition of an external table.
DROP EXTERNAL [WEB] TABLE [IF EXISTS] name [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP EXTERNAL TABLE.
DROP FUNCTION
Deletes a function.
DROP FUNCTION [IF EXISTS] name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype
[, ...] ] ) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP FUNCTION.
DROP GROUP
Deletes a database role.
DROP GROUP [IF EXISTS] name [, ...]
For more information, see DROP GROUP.
DROP INDEX
Deletes an index.
DROP INDEX [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP INDEX.
DROP LIBRARY
Deletes a custom library package.
DROP LIBRARY library_name
For more information, see DROP LIBRARY.
DROP OPERATOR
Deletes an operator.
DROP OPERATOR [IF EXISTS] name ( {lefttype | NONE} ,
{righttype | NONE} ) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP OPERATOR.
DROP OWNED
Deletes database objects owned by a database role.
DROP OWNED BY name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP OWNED.
DROP RESOURCE QUEUE
Deletes a resource queue.
DROP RESOURCE QUEUE queue_name
For more information, see DROP RESOURCE QUEUE.
DROP ROLE
Deletes a database role.
DROP ROLE [IF EXISTS] name [, ...]
For more information, see DROP ROLE.
DROP RULE
Deletes a rewrite rule.
DROP RULE [IF EXISTS] name ON relation [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP RULE.
DROP SCHEMA
Deletes a schema.
DROP SCHEMA [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP SCHEMA.
DROP SEQUENCE
Deletes a sequence.
DROP SEQUENCE [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP SEQUENCE.
DROP TABLE
Deletes a table.
DROP TABLE [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP TABLE.
DROP TYPE
Deletes a data type.
DROP TYPE [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP TYPE.
DROP USER
Deletes a database role.
DROP USER [IF EXISTS] name [, ...]
For more information, see DROP USER.
DROP VIEW
Deletes a view.
DROP VIEW [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see DROP VIEW.
END
Commits the current transaction.
END [WORK | TRANSACTION]
For more information, see END.
EXECUTE
Executes a prepared SQL statement.
EXECUTE name [ (parameter [, ...] ) ]
For more information, see EXECUTE.
EXPLAIN
Shows the query plan of a statement.
EXPLAIN [ANALYZE] [VERBOSE] statement
For more information, see EXPLAIN.
FETCH
Retrieves rows from a query by using a cursor.
FETCH [ forward_direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname
For more information, see FETCH.
GRANT
Defines access permissions.
GRANT { {SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | REFERENCES |
TRIGGER | TRUNCATE } [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
ON [TABLE] tablename [, ...]
TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]
GRANT { {USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
TO { rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]
GRANT { {CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP} [,...] | ALL
[PRIVILEGES] }
ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]
GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...]
] ) [, ...]
TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]
GRANT { {CREATE | USAGE} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]
GRANT { CREATE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]
GRANT parent_role [, ...]
TO member_role [, ...] [WITH ADMIN OPTION]
GRANT { SELECT | INSERT | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
ON PROTOCOL protocolname
TO username
For more information, see GRANT.
INSERT
Creates new rows in a table.
INSERT INTO table [( column [, ...] )]
{DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( {expression | DEFAULT} [, ...] )
[, ...] | query}
For more information, see INSERT.
LOAD
Loads or reloads a shared library file.
LOAD 'filename'
For more information, see LOAD.
LOCK
Locks a table.
LOCK [TABLE] name [, ...] [IN lockmode MODE] [NOWAIT]
For more information, see LOCK.
MOVE
Positions a cursor.
MOVE [ forward_direction {FROM | IN} ] cursorname
For more information, see MOVE.
PREPARE
Prepares a statement for execution.
PREPARE name [ (datatype [, ...] ) ] AS statement
For more information, see PREPARE.
REASSIGN OWNED
Changes the ownership of database objects owned by a database role.
REASSIGN OWNED BY old_role [, ...] TO new_role
For more information, see REASSIGN OWNED.
REINDEX
Rebuilds an index.
REINDEX {INDEX | TABLE | DATABASE | SYSTEM} name
For more information, see REINDEX.
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
Destroys a defined savepoint.
RELEASE [SAVEPOINT] savepoint_name
For more information, see RELEASE SAVEPOINT.
RESET
Restores the value of a system configuration parameter to the default value.
RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL
For more information, see RESET.
REVOKE
Revokes access permissions.
REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE
| REFERENCES | TRIGGER | TRUNCATE } [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
ON [TABLE] tablename [, ...]
FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
[CASCADE | RESTRICT]
REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE} [,...]
| ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
FROM { rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[CASCADE | RESTRICT]
REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {CREATE | CONNECT
| TEMPORARY | TEMP} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
[CASCADE | RESTRICT]
REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] {EXECUTE | ALL [PRIVILEGES]}
ON FUNCTION funcname ( [[argmode] [argname] argtype
[, ...]] ) [, ...]
FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
[CASCADE | RESTRICT]
REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] {USAGE | ALL [PRIVILEGES]}
ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {CREATE | USAGE} [,...]
| ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
[CASCADE | RESTRICT]
REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { CREATE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
FROM { rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[CASCADE | RESTRICT]
REVOKE [ADMIN OPTION FOR] parent_role [, ...]
FROM member_role [, ...]
[CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see REVOKE.
ROLLBACK
Aborts the current transaction.
ROLLBACK [WORK | TRANSACTION]
For more information, see ROLLBACK.
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
Rolls back the current transaction to a savepoint.
ROLLBACK [WORK | TRANSACTION] TO [SAVEPOINT] savepoint_name
For more information, see ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT.
SAVEPOINT
Defines a new savepoint within the current transaction.
SAVEPOINT savepoint_name
For more information, see SAVEPOINT.
SELECT
Retrieves rows from a table or view.
[ WITH with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT [ON (expression [, ...])]]
* | expression [[AS] output_name] [, ...]
[FROM from_item [, ...]]
[WHERE condition]
[GROUP BY grouping_element [, ...]]
[HAVING condition [, ...]]
[WINDOW window_name AS (window_specification)]
[{UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT} [ALL] select]
[ORDER BY expression [ASC | DESC | USING operator] [NULLS {FIRST | LAST}] [, ...]]
[LIMIT {count | ALL}]
[OFFSET start]
[FOR {UPDATE | SHARE} [OF table_name [, ...]] [NOWAIT] [...]]
For more information, see SELECT.
SELECT INTO
Defines a new table from the results of a query.
[ WITH with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT [ON ( expression [, ...] )]]
* | expression [AS output_name] [, ...]
INTO [TEMPORARY | TEMP] [TABLE] new_table
[FROM from_item [, ...]]
[WHERE condition]
[GROUP BY expression [, ...]]
[HAVING condition [, ...]]
[{UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT} [ALL] select]
[ORDER BY expression [ASC | DESC | USING operator] [NULLS {FIRST | LAST}] [, ...]]
[LIMIT {count | ALL}]
[OFFSET start]
[FOR {UPDATE | SHARE} [OF table_name [, ...]] [NOWAIT]
[...]]
For more information, see SELECT INTO.
SET
Changes the value of a database configuration parameter.
SET [SESSION | LOCAL] configuration_parameter {TO | =} value |
'value' | DEFAULT}
SET [SESSION | LOCAL] TIME ZONE {timezone | LOCAL | DEFAULT}
For more information, see SET.
SET ROLE
Sets the current role identifier of the current session.
SET [SESSION | LOCAL] ROLE rolename
SET [SESSION | LOCAL] ROLE NONE
RESET ROLE
For more information, see SET ROLE.
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
Sets the session role identifier and the current role identifier of the current session.
SET [SESSION | LOCAL] SESSION AUTHORIZATION rolename
SET [SESSION | LOCAL] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
For more information, see SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION.
SET TRANSACTION
Sets the characteristics of the current transaction.
SET TRANSACTION [transaction_mode] [READ ONLY | READ WRITE]
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION transaction_mode
[READ ONLY | READ WRITE]
For more information, see SET TRANSACTION.
SHOW
Shows the value of a system configuration parameter.
SHOW configuration_parameter
SHOW ALL
For more information, see SHOW.
START TRANSACTION
Starts a transaction block.
START TRANSACTION [SERIALIZABLE | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED]
[READ WRITE | READ ONLY]
For more information, see START TRANSACTION.
TRUNCATE
Clears all rows of a table.
TRUNCATE [TABLE] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]
For more information, see TRUNCATE.
UPDATE
Updates rows of a table.
UPDATE [ONLY] table [[AS] alias]
SET {column = {expression | DEFAULT} |
(column [, ...]) = ({expression | DEFAULT} [, ...])} [, ...]
[FROM fromlist]
[WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
For more information, see UPDATE.
VACUUM
Collects garbage and optionally analyzes a database.
VACUUM [FULL] [FREEZE] [VERBOSE] [table]
VACUUM [FULL] [FREEZE] [VERBOSE] ANALYZE
[table [(column [, ...] )]]
For more information, see VACUUM.
VALUES
Computes a set of rows.
VALUES ( expression [, ...] ) [, ...]
[ORDER BY sort_expression [ASC | DESC | USING operator] [, ...]]
[LIMIT {count | ALL}] [OFFSET start]
For more information, see VALUES.