Any account can perform any operation on an HBase cluster without being authorized, including disabling and dropping tables and performing major compaction.

Note

For clusters that do not have Kerberos authentication, users can forge identities to access the cluster service, even when HBase authorization is enabled. Therefore, we recommend that you create a high-security cluster (for example, supporting Kerberos) as detailed in theIntroduction to Kerberos.

Add configuration

In the Configuration Management page, choose HBase > Configuration > hbase-site > Custom Configuration in the HBase cluster.

Add the following parameters:

<property>
     <name>hbase.security.authorization</name>
     <value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
     <name>hbase.coprocessor.master.classes</name>
     <value>org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.access.AccessController</value>
</property>
<property>
     <name>hbase.coprocessor.region.classes</name>
 <value>org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.token.TokenProvider,org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.access.AccessController</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>hbase.coprocessor.regionserver.classes</name>
  <value>org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.access.AccessController,org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.token.TokenProvider</value>
</property>

Restart the HBase cluster

In the HBase cluster's Configuration Management page, click HBase > Operations > RESTART All Components.

Authorization (ACL)

  • Basic concepts

    In HBase, authorization consists of three elements: the grantingof operational permissionsfor a certain scope of resourcesto a certain entity.

    • Resources in a certain scope
      • Superuser

        A superuser can perform any operations. The account that runs the HBase service is the superuser by default. You can also add superusers by configuring the value of hbase.superuser in hbase-site.xml.

      • Global

        Global Scope has administrator permissions for all tables in the cluster.

      • Namespace

        This has permission control in Namespace Scope.

      • Table

        This has permission control in Table Scope.

      • ColumnFamily

        This has permission control in ColumnFamily Scope.

      • Cell

        This has permission control in Cell Scope.

    • Operational permissions
      • Read (R)

        Read data from resources in a certain scope.

      • Write (W)

        Write data to resources in a certain scope.

      • Execute (X)

        Execute co-processor in a certain scope.

      • Create (C)

        Create or delete a table in a certain scope.

      • Admin (A)

        Perform cluster-related operations in a certain scope, such as balance or assign.

    • Entity
      • User

        Authorize a user.

      • Group

        Authorize a user group.

  • Authorization command
    • grant 
      grant <user> <permissions> [<@namespace> [<table> [<column family> [<column qualifier>]]]
      Note
      • The authorization methods for users and groups are the same. The prefix @ needs to be added for groups. 
        grant 'test','R','tbl1'   #grant the read permission of the table tb11 to the user test.
  grant '@test','R','tbl1'   #grant the read permission of the table tb11 to the user group test.
      • The prefix @ needs to be added for namespace. 
        grant 'test 'C','@ns_1'  #grant the create permission of the namespace @ns_1 to the user test.
    • revoke
    • user_permissions (view permissions)