Elastic Compute Service:Build a Magento 2 e-commerce website on an Ubuntu instance

Step 1: Install PHP extensions

1. Install the core PHP package and extensions.

   1. Install the core PHP package with bundled extensions.

      sudo apt-get install php8.3-cli php8.3-common php8.3-fpm php8.3-mysql php8.3-zip php8.3-gd php8.3-curl php8.3-intl php8.3-mbstring php8.3-soap php8.3-xml php8.3-bcmath php8.3-sqlite3 php8.3-opcache

   2. Install additional extensions.

      sudo apt-get install php8.3-bcmath php8.3-curl php8.3-gd php8.3-intl php8.3-mbstring php8.3-soap php8.3-xml php8.3-zip php8.3-sqlite3

   3. Restart NGINX to apply the changes.

      sudo systemctl restart nginx  

2. Configure php.ini.

   1. Open the php.ini files.

      sudo vim /etc/php/8.3/fpm/php.ini
      sudo vim /etc/php/8.3/cli/php.ini

   2. Update the following settings, then save and close the files.

      memory_limit = 2G
      max_execution_time = 1800
      zlib.output_compression = On

   3. Restart PHP-FPM.

      sudo systemctl restart php8.3-fpm

Step 2: Create a Magento2 database

1. Connect to MySQL.

   mysql -u root -p

   Enter the MySQL root password when prompted.

2. Create and configure a database. In this example, the database and username are both magento.

   CREATE DATABASE magento;
   CREATE USER 'magento'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'magento';
   GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON magento.* TO 'magento'@'localhost';
   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
   EXIT;

3. Verify the database.

   mysql -u magento -p

   Note

   If the MySQL monitor appears, the database is created. If an error occurs, re-run the preceding statements.

Step 3: Download and install OpenSearch

1. Before installing OpenSearch with Docker, complete the following tasks:

   1. Disable memory paging and swapping to improve performance.

      sudo swapoff -a

   2. Increase the memory map limit for OpenSearch.

      1. Open sysctl.conf.

         sudo vi /etc/sysctl.conf

      2. Add vm.max_map_count=262144

      3. Verify the configuration.

         sudo sysctl -p
         cat /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count

         

2. Run OpenSearch in a Docker container.

   1. Pull the OpenSearch image.

      sudo docker pull opensearchproject/opensearch:2

   2. Deploy OpenSearch in a container to verify Docker works correctly.

      sudo docker run -d \
       -p 9200:9200 \
       -p 9600:9600 \
       -e "discovery.type=single-node" \
       -e "OPENSEARCH_INITIAL_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin" \
       -e "plugins.security.disabled=true" \
       opensearchproject/opensearch:latest

      Note

      This example disables SSL on the HTTP and Transport layers for testing by setting plugins.security.disabled to true.

   3. Send a request to port 9200. The default credentials are admin/admin.

      sudo curl -k http://localhost:9200 -ku admin:admin

      Expected output:

      {
        "name" : "a937e018****",
        "cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
        "cluster_uuid" : "GLAjAG6bTeWE****_d-CLw",
        "version" : {
          "distribution" : "opensearch",
          "number" : <version>,
          "build_type" : <build-type>,
          "build_hash" : <build-hash>,
          "build_date" : <build-date>,
          "build_snapshot" : false,
          "lucene_version" : <lucene-version>,
          "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "7.10.0",
          "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "7.0.0"
        },
        "tagline" : "The OpenSearch Project: https://opensearch.org/"
      }

1. List running containers and copy the OpenSearch container ID.

   sudo docker container ls

2. Configure NGINX as a proxy for OpenSearch.

   1. Verify that /etc/nginx/nginx.conf contains include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;.

      vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

      

   2. Create the proxy configuration.

      1. Create the following configuration file.

         sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/magento_es_auth.conf

         server {
            listen 8080;
            location /_cluster/health {
               proxy_pass http://localhost:9200/_cluster/health;
            }
         }

      2. Restart NGINX.

         sudo service nginx restart

      3. Check whether the proxy works:

         sudo curl -u admin:admin -i http://localhost:8080/_cluster/health?pretty

         Expected output:

         

Step 4: Download and install Composer

1. Install decompression tools.

   Composer requires unzip or p7zip for decompression.

   sudo apt-get install unzip
   sudo apt-get install p7zip-full

2. Install Composer:

   php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
   php -r "if (hash_file('sha384', 'composer-setup.php') === 'dac665fdc30fdd8ec78b38b9800061b4150413ff2e3b6f88543c636f7cd84f6db9189d43a81e5503cda447da73c7e5b6') { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink('composer-setup.php'); } echo PHP_EOL;"
   php composer-setup.php
   php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"

3. Move composer.phar to a PATH directory for global access.

   sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

4. Verify the Composer version.

   composer --version

Step 5: Download and install Magento2

1. Create a Composer project with the access key pair obtained from Adobe Commerce. The project name is magento.

   cd /var/www/html/
   sudo composer create-project --repository-url=https://repo.magento.com/ magento/project-community-edition magento

2. Enter your authentication key when prompted.

   Note

   • The authentication key is the private key obtained in the Prerequisites section.

   • The download may take 5 to 10 minutes.

   

3. Set file permissions.

   cd /var/www/html/magento
   find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type f -exec chmod g+w {} +
   find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type d -exec chmod g+ws {} +
   chown -R :www-data .
   chmod u+x bin/magento

4. Install Magento 2.

   Install Adobe Commerce from the command line. In this example, db-host is localhost, and db-name, db-user, and db-password are all magento.

   sudo bin/magento setup:install \
     --base-url=http://196.****.*.1/ \ # Public IP address of the ECS instance
     --db-host=localhost \ # Database host
     --db-name=magento \  # Database name
     --db-user=magento \ # Database username
     --db-password=magento \ # Database password
     --admin-firstname=admin \ # First name of the backend administrator
     --admin-lastname=admin \ 
     --admin-email=cy****sper@email.com \ # Administrator's email address
     --admin-user=admin \ # Backend login username
     --admin-password=admin*** \ # Backend login password
     --language=en_US \ # Website language
     --currency=USD \
     --timezone=America/Chicago \
     --use-rewrites=1 \
     --search-engine=opensearch \ 
     --opensearch-host=localhost \
     --opensearch-port=9200 \
     --opensearch-enable-auth=1 \
     --opensearch-username=admin \
     --opensearch-password=admin \
     --opensearch-index-prefix=magento2

5. After installation, output similar to the following is displayed.

   

   The Magento Admin URI is the administrator backend URL, accessible after NGINX is configured. Example: http://47.****.**.72/admin_46i****.

6. Configure NGINX forwarding.

   1. Create a Magento 2 configuration file.

      sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/magento.conf

   2. Add the following content, then save and exit.

      upstream fastcgi_backend {
        server  unix:/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
      }
      server {
        listen 80;
        server_name ip;
        set $MAGE_ROOT /var/www/html/magento;
        include /var/www/html/magento/nginx.conf.sample;
      }
      

   3. Verify the NGINX syntax.

      nginx -t

   4. Restart NGINX.

      sudo systemctl restart nginx

Visit the Magento 2 website

1. Open http://<Public IP address of your ECS instance> in a browser to view the default home page.

   

2. Open http://<Public IP address of the ECS instance>/admin_46i**** and log in with username admin and password admin***.