String functions

CHAR_MATCHCOUNT

• Syntax

  BIGINT CHAR_MATCHCOUNT(STRING str1, STRING str2)

• Description

  This function returns the number of characters that belong to str1 and appear in str2.

• Parameters

  str1 and str2: the valid UTF-8 strings. The function returns a negative value if invalid characters are found during the comparison of the two strings.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the BIGINT type. NULL is returned if an input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  CHAR_MATCHCOUNT('abd','aabc') = 2
  -- The a and b characters in str1 appear in str2.

CHR

• Syntax

  STRING CHR(BIGINT ascii)

• Description

  This function converts a specified ASCII code to the corresponding character.

• Parameters

  ascii: a value of the BIGINT type, which indicates the ASCII code. Value range: 0 to 255. An exception is thrown if the input value is out of this range. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the BIGINT type before computing if it is of the STRING, DOUBLE, or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if the input parameter is NULL.

CONCAT

• Syntax

  STRING CONCAT(STRING a, STRING b...)

• Description

  This function concatenates all specified strings and returns the final string.

• Parameters

  The values of all parameters are of the STRING type. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if no input parameters are present or an input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  CONCAT('ab','c') = 'abc'
  CONCAT() = NULL
  CONCAT('a', null, 'b') = NULL

GET_JSON_OBJECT

• Syntax

  STRING GET_JSON_OBJECT(STRING json,STRING path)

• Description

  This function extracts the specified string from a standard JSON string based on path. The original data is read each time this function is called. Therefore, repeated calls may waste system resources and increase your cost. To avoid repeated calls, you can use the GET_JSON_OBJECT function together with User-Defined Table-Generating Functions (UDTFs). For more information, see Convert JSON log data by using MaxCompute built-in functions and UDTFs.

• Parameters
  • json: the string in the standard JSON format.
  • path: the string that starts with the dollar sign ($), which describes the path of a JSON object in the JSON string. For more information about path, see LanguageManual UDF.
    • $: indicates the root node.
    • .: indicates a child node.
    • []: [number] indicates the array subscript. The array is represented in the format of key[sub1][sub2][sub3]…….
    • *: indicates the wildcard for [], which returns the entire array. An asterisk (*) cannot be escaped.
• Return value
  • Returns NULL if json is empty or invalid.
  • Returns the corresponding string if json is valid and the specified path exists.
  • A key cannot appear in an object twice. For example, {a:1, a:0} is not supported. Otherwise, the command may fail to be parsed.
  • Emoji expressions are not supported.
• Example 1

  +----+
  json
  +----+
  {"store":
  {"fruit":[{"weight":8,"type":"apple"},{"weight":9,"type":"pear"}],
  "bicycle":{"price":19.95,"color":"red"}
  },
  "email":"amy@only_for_json_udf_test.net",
  "owner":"amy"
  }

  You can execute the following statements to extract data from the preceding JSON string.

  odps> SELECT GET_JSON_OBJECT(src_json.json, '$.owner') FROM src_json;
  amy
  odps> SELECT GET_JSON_OBJECT(src_json.json, '$.store.fruit\[0]') FROM src_json;
  {"weight":8,"type":"apple"}
  odps> SELECT GET_JSON_OBJECT(src_json.json, '$.non_exist_key') FROM src_json;
  NULL

  Example 2

  GET_JSON_OBJECT('{"array":[["aaaa",1111],["bbbb",2222],["cccc",3333]]}','$.array[1][1]')= "2222"
  GET_JSON_OBJECT('{"aaa":"bbb","ccc":{"ddd":"eee","fff":"ggg","hhh":["h0","h1","h2"]},"iii":"jjj"}','$.ccc.hhh[*]') = "["h0","h1","h2"]"
  GET_JSON_OBJECT('{"aaa":"bbb","ccc":{"ddd":"eee","fff":"ggg","hhh":["h0","h1","h2"]},"iii":"jjj"}','$.ccc.hhh[1]') = "h1"

INSTR

• Syntax

  BIGINT INSTR(STRING str1, STRING str2[, BIGINT start_position[, BIGINT nth_appearance]])

• Description

  This function returns the position of substring str2 in string str1.

• Parameters
  • str1: a value of the STRING type, which indicates the string to be searched. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.
  • str2: a value of the STRING type, which indicates the substring to be searched for. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.
  • start_position: a value of the BIGINT type. If it is of another data type, an exception is thrown. It indicates the character in str1 from which the search will start. The start position defaults to the first character, marked as 1.
  • nth_appearance: a value of the BIGINT type, which must be greater than 0. It indicates the nth time that the substring appears in the string, where n is specified by nth_appearance. An exception is thrown if the value of nth_appearance is of another data type or is no greater than 0.
• Return value
  • Returns a value of the BIGINT type.
  • Returns 0 if str2 is not found in str1.
  • Returns NULL if an input parameter is NULL.
  • The matching always succeeds if str2 is empty. For example, 1 is returned for instr(‘abc’, ").
• Examples

  INSTR('Tech on the net', 'e') = 2
  INSTR('Tech on the net', 'e', 1, 1) = 2
  INSTR('Tech on the net', 'e', 1, 2) = 11
  INSTR('Tech on the net', 'e', 1, 3) = 14

IS_ENCODING

• Syntax

  BOOLEAN IS_ENCODING(STRING str, STRING from_encoding, STRING to_encoding)

• Description

  This function determines whether the input string str can be converted from the character set specified by from_encoding to the character set specified by to_encoding. It can be used to determine whether the input string is garbled. Generally, from_encoding is set to utf-8 and to_encoding is set to gbk.

• Parameters
  • str: a value of the STRING type. An empty string can belong to any character set.
  • from_encoding and to_encoding: the source and target character sets. The values are of the STRING type.
  • NULL is returned if an input parameter is NULL.
• Return value

  Returns a value of the BOOLEAN type. If str can be converted, true is returned. Otherwise, false is returned.

KEYVALUE

• Syntax

  KEYVALUE(STRING srcStr,STRING split1,STRING split2, STRING key)
  KEYVALUE(STRING srcStr,STRING key) //split1 = ";",split2 = ":"

• Description

  This function splits the source string srcStr into key-value pairs by split1, separates key-value pairs by split2, and then returns the value of the specified key.

• Parameters
  • srcStr: the source string to be split.
  • key: the key corresponds to the value returned after the source string is split by split1 and split2 in sequence. This parameter is of the STRING type.
  • split1 and split2: the strings that are used as delimiters to split the source string. If you do not specify these two parameters, split1 defaults to ; and split2 defaults to :. If a key-value pair that is obtained after the source string is split by split1 contains multiple delimiters specified by split2, the returned result is undefined.
• Return value
  • Returns a value of the STRING type.
  • Returns NULL if split1 or split2 is NULL.
  • Returns NULL if scrStr and key are NULL or if no key matches.
  • Returns the value corresponding to the first matched key if multiple key-value pairs match.
• Example 1

  KEYVALUE('0:1\;1:2', 1) = '2'

  The source string is "0:1\;1:2". split1 defaults to ; and split2 defaults to : because they are not specified.
  After the source string is split by split1, the key-value pairs are 0:1\,1:2. After the key-value pairs are separated by split2, the key-value pairs change to the following form:

  0 1/  
  1 2

  The value 2 corresponding to key 1 is returned.
  Example 2

  KEYVALUE("\;decreaseStore:1\;xcard:1\;isB2C:1\;tf:21910\;cart:1\;shipping:2\;pf:0\;market:shoes\;instPayAmount:0\;","\;",":","tf") = "21910" value:21910

  The source string is "\;decreaseStore:1\;xcard:1\;isB2C:1\;tf:21910\;cart:1\;shipping:2\;pf:0\;market:shoes\;instPayAmount:0\;". After the source string is split by \; specified by split1, the following key-value pairs are generated:

  decreaseStore:1,xcard:1,isB2C:1,tf:21910,cart:1,shipping:2,pf:0,market:shoes,instPayAmount:0 

  After the key-value pairs are split by : specified by split2, the key-value pairs change to the following form:

  decreaseStore 1  
  xcard 1  
  isB2C 1  
  tf 21910  
  cart 1  
  shipping 2  
  pf 0  
  market shoes  
  instPayAmount 0

  The value 21910 corresponding to key tf is returned.

LENGTH

• Syntax

  BIGINT LENGTH(STRING str)

• Description

  This function returns the length of the string str.

• Parameters
  • str: a value of the STRING type. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.
  • Returns a value of the BIGINT type. NULL is returned if the input parameter is NULL. -1 is returned if the input parameter is not encoded in UTF-8.
• Examples

  LENGTH('hi! CN') = 6

LENGTHB

• Syntax

  BIGINT LENGTHB(STRING str)

• Description

  This function returns the length of the string str in bytes.

• Parameters
  • str: a value of the STRING type. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.
  • Returns a value of the BIGINT type. NULL is returned if the input parameter is NULL.
• Examples

  LENGTHB('hi! China!') = 10

MD5

• Syntax

  STRING MD5(STRING value)

• Description

  This function returns the MD5 value of the input string value.

• Parameters

  value: a value of the STRING type. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if the input parameter is NULL.

REGEXP_EXTRACT

• Syntax

  STRING REGEXP_EXTRACT(STRING source, STRING pattern[, BIGINT occurrence])

• Description

  This function splits the source string based on a given pattern and returns the characters in the group at the nth occurrence, where n is specified by occurrence.

• Parameters
  • source: the string to split and search.
  • pattern: a constant of the STRING type. An exception is thrown if pattern is an empty string or no group is specified in pattern.
  • occurrence: a constant of the BIGINT type, which must be no less than 0. Otherwise, an exception is thrown. If you do not specify this parameter, it defaults to 1, indicating that characters in the first group are returned. If you set occurrence to 0, all substrings that match the regular expression specified by pattern are returned.
  Note Data is stored in the UTF-8 format. Chinese characters can be represented in hexadecimal. They are encoded in the range of [\x{4e00}-\x{9fa5}].
• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. Returns NULL if an input parameter is NULL.

REGEXP_INSTR

• Syntax

  BIGINT REGEXP_INSTR(STRING source, STRING pattern[,
  BIGINT start_position[, BIGINT nth_occurrence[, BIGINT return_option]]])

• Description

  This function returns the start or end position of the substring that matches pattern at the nth occurrence, where n is specified by nth_occurrence, in the source string from the start position specified by start_position.

• Parameters
  • source: a value of the STRING type, which indicates the string to be searched.
  • pattern: a constant of the STRING type. An exception is thrown if pattern is an empty string.
  • start_position: a constant of the BIGINT type, which indicates the start position of a search. If you do not specify this parameter, its value defaults to 1. An exception is thrown if its value is of another data type or is no greater than 0.
  • nth_occurrence: a constant of the BIGINT type. If you do not specify this parameter, its value defaults to 1, indicating the first occurrence of the matched substring. An exception is thrown if its value is of another data type or is no greater than 0.
  • return_option: a constant of the BIGINT type, which can be 0 or 1. An exception is thrown if its value is of another data type or is out of the value range. 0 indicates that the start position of the matched substring is returned, and 1 indicates that the end position of the matched substring is returned.
• Return value

  Returns a value of the BIGINT type. It is the start or end position of the matched substring in the source string based on the type specified by return_option. NULL is returned if an input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  REGEXP_INSTR("i love www.taobao.com", "o[[:alpha:]]{1}", 3, 2) = 14

REGEXP_REPLACE

• Syntax

  STRING REGEXP_REPLACE(STRING source, STRING pattern, STRING replace_string[, BIGINT occurrence])

• Description

  This function substitutes the specified string replace_string for the substring that matches a given pattern at the nth occurrence, where n is specified by occurrence, in the source string, and returns the result.

• Parameters
  • source: the string to be replaced.
  • pattern: a constant of the STRING type, which indicates the pattern to be matched. An exception is thrown if pattern is an empty string.
  • replace_string: a value of the STRING type, which is a string that is substituted for the substring matching the given pattern.
  • occurrence: a constant of the BIGINT type, which must be no less than 0. It indicates that replace_string is substituted for the matching substring at the nth occurrence. The value 0 indicates that all matching substrings are replaced. An exception is thrown if its value is of another type or is less than 0. 0 is assumed by default.
• Return value
  • Returns a value of the STRING type. If the string to be replaced does not exist, the replacement does not occur.
  • Returns NULL if an input parameter is NULL.
  • Returns NULL if replace_string is NULL and certain substrings match the given pattern.
  • Returns the original string if replace_string is NULL but no substring matches the given pattern.
• Examples

  REGEXP_REPLACE("123.456.7890", "([[:digit:]]{3})\\.([[:digit:]]{3})\\.([[:digit:]]{4})",
  "(\\1)\\2-\\3", 0) = "(123)456-7890"
  REGEXP_REPLACE("abcd", "(.)", "\\1 ", 0) = "a b c d "
  REGEXP_REPLACE("abcd", "(.)", "\\1 ", 1) = "a bcd"
  REGEXP_REPLACE("abcd", "(.)", "\\2", 1) = "abcd"
  -- Only one group is defined in the pattern and the referenced second group does not exist.
  -- Try to avoid this action. The result of referencing a nonexistent group is undefined.
  REGEXP_REPLACE("abcd", "(. *)(.)$", "\\2", 0) = "d"
  REGEXP_REPLACE("abcd", "a", "\\1", 0) = "bcd"
  -- No group is defined in the pattern, so "\1" references a nonexistent group.
  -- Try to avoid this action. The result of referencing a nonexistent group is undefined.

REGEXP_SUBSTR

• Syntax

  STRING REGEXP_SUBSTR(STRING source, STRING pattern[, BIGINT start_position[, BIGINT nth_occurrence]])

• Description

  This function returns the string that matches a given pattern at the nth occurrence, where n is specified by nth_occurrence, in the source string from the start position specified by start_position.

• Parameters
  • source: a value of the STRING type, which indicates the string to be searched.
  • pattern: a constant of the STRING type, which indicates the pattern to be matched. An exception is thrown if pattern is an empty string.
  • start_position: a constant of the BIGINT type, which must be greater than 0. An exception is thrown if its value is of another data type or is no greater than 0. If you do not specify this parameter, its value defaults to 1, indicating that the match starts from the first character of the source.
  • nth_occurrence: a constant of the BIGINT type, which must be greater than 0. An exception is thrown if its value is of another data type or is no greater than 0. If you do not specify this parameter, its value defaults to 1, indicating that the first matched substring is returned.
• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if an input parameter is NULL or no substrings match.

• Examples

  REGEXP_SUBSTR("I love aliyun very much", "a[[:alpha:]]{5}") = "aliyun"
  REGEXP_SUBSTR('I have 2 apples and 100 bucks!', '[[:blank:]][[:alnum:]]*', 1, 1) = " have"
  REGEXP_SUBSTR('I have 2 apples and 100 bucks!', '[[:blank:]][[:alnum:]]*', 1, 2) = " 2"

REGEXP_COUNT

• Syntax

  BIGINT REGEXP_COUNT(STRING source, STRING pattern[, BIGINT start_position])

• Description

  This function returns the number of times a substring matches a given pattern in the source string from the start position specified by start_position.

• Parameters
  • source: a value of the STRING type, which indicates the string to be searched. An exception is thrown if its value is of another data type.
  • pattern: a constant of the STRING type, which indicates the pattern to be matched. An exception is thrown if pattern is an empty string or is of another data type.
  • start_position: a constant of the BIGINT type, which must be greater than 0. An exception is thrown if its value is of another data type or is no greater than 0. If you do not specify this parameter, its value defaults to 1, indicating that the match starts from the first character of the source string.
• Return value

  Returns a value of the BIGINT type. 0 is returned if no substring is matched. Null is returned if an input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  REGEXP_COUNT('abababc', 'a.c') = 1
  REGEXP_COUNT('abcde', '[[:alpha:]]{2}', 3) = 1

SPLIT_PART

• Syntax

  STRING SPLIT_PART(STRING str, STRING separator, BIGINT start[, BIGINT end])

• Description

  This function uses a delimiter specified by separator to split the string str, and returns a substring that starts from the character specified by start and ends with the character specified by end.

• Parameters
  • str: a value of the STRING type, which indicates a string to be split. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.
  • separator: a constant of the STRING type, which is a separator used for splitting. It can be a character or string. If it is of another data type, an exception is thrown.
  • start: a constant of the BIGINT type, which must be greater than 0. An exception is thrown if its value is not a constant or is of another data type. It indicates the start number of the segment to be returned, starting from 1. If end is not specified, the segment specified by start is returned.
  • end: a constant of the BIGINT type, which must be no less than start. It indicates the end number of the segment to be returned. An exception is thrown if its value is not a constant or is of another data type. If end is not specified, the last segment is returned.
• Return value
  • Returns a value of the STRING type.
  • Returns an empty string if start is set to a value greater than the number of segments, for example, the string has 6 segments but the start value is greater than 6.
  • Returns the entire string str if separator is absent in the string str and start is set to 1. An empty string is returned if str is an empty string.
  • Returns the original string str if separator is an empty string.
  • Returns the string between start and the last segment if end is set to a value greater than the number of segments.
  • Returns NULL if an input parameter is NULL.
• Examples

  SPLIT_PART('a,b,c,d', ',', 1) = 'a'
  SPLIT_PART('a,b,c,d', ',', 1, 2) = 'a,b'
  SPLIT_PART('a,b,c,d', ',', 10) = ''

SUBSTR

• Syntax

  STRING SUBSTR(STRING str, BIGINT start_position[, BIGINT length])

• Description

  This function returns a substring that starts from start_position in str and has a length specified by length.

• Parameters
  • str: a value of the STRING type. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.
  • start_position: a value of the BIGINT type. 1 is assumed by default. An empty string is returned if start_position is 0. If start_position is a negative value, the start position is counted backwards from the last character of the string. For example, -1 indicates the last character, -2 indicates the second-to-last character, -3 indicates the third-from-last character, and so on. If the value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.
  • length: a value of the BIGINT type, which indicates the length of the substring. Its value is greater than 0. An exception is thrown if its value of another data type or is no greater than 0.
• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if an input parameter is NULL.

  Note If length is not specified, the substring from the start position to the end of str is returned.
• Examples

  SUBSTR("abc", 2) = "bc"
  SUBSTR("abc", 2, 1) = "b"
  SUBSTR("abc",-2,2) = "bc"
  SUBSTR("abc",-3) = "abc"

SUBSTRING

• Syntax

  STRING SUBSTRING(STRING|BINARY str, INT start_position[, INT length])

• Description

  This function returns a substring that starts from start_position in str and has a length specified by length.

• Parameters
  • str: a value of the STRING or BINARY type. NULL or an error is returned if the input value is of another data type.
  • start_position: a value of the INT type. 1 is assumed by default. An empty string is returned if start_position is set to 0. If start_position is a negative value, the start position is counted backwards from the last character of the string. For example, -1 indicates the last character, -2 indicates the second-to-last character, -3 indicates the third-from-last character, and so on. If the value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.
  • length: a value of the BIGINT type, which indicates the length of the substring. Its value is greater than 0. An exception is thrown if its value is of another data type or is no greater than 0.
• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if an input parameter is NULL.

  Note If length is not specified, the substring from the start position to the end of str is returned.
• Examples

  SUBSTRING('abc', 2) = 'bc'
  SUBSTRING('abc', 2, 1) ='"b'
  SUBSTRING('abc',-2,2) = 'bc'
  SUBSTRING('abc',-3,2) = 'ab'
  SUBSTRING(BIN(2345),2,3) = '001'

TOLOWER

• Syntax

  STRING TOLOWER(STRING source)

• Description

  This function converts the string source to a lowercase string.

• Parameters

  source: a value of the STRING type. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if the input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  tolower("aBcd") = "abcd"
  tolower("ABCd") = "abcd"

TOUPPER

• Syntax

  STRING TOUPPER(STRING source)

• Description

  This function converts the string source to an uppercase string.

• Parameters

  source: a value of the STRING type. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if the input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  toupper("aBcd") = "ABCD"
  toupper("abCd") = "ABCD"

TO_CHAR

• Syntax

  STRING TO_CHAR(BOOLEAN value)
  STRING TO_CHAR(BIGINT value)
  STRING TO_CHAR(DOUBLE value)
  STRING TO_CHAR(DECIMAL value)

• Description

  This function converts data of the BOOLEAN, BIGINT, DECIMAL, or DOUBLE type to the STRING type.

• Parameters

  value: The input value can be of the BOOLEAN, BIGINT, DECIMAL, or DOUBLE type. An exception is thrown if its value is of another data type.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if the input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  TO_CHAR(123) = '123'
  TO_CHAR(true) = 'TRUE'
  TO_CHAR(1.23) = '1.23'
  TO_CHAR(null) = NULL

TRIM

• Syntax

  STRING TRIM(STRING str)

• Description

  This function eliminates the spaces on the left and right sides of the string str.

• Parameters

  str: a value of the STRING type. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if the input parameter is NULL.

LTRIM

• Syntax

  STRING LTRIM(STRING str)

• Description

  This function eliminates the spaces on the left side of the string str.

• Parameters

  str: a value of the STRING type. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if the input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  SELECT LTRIM(' abc '); 
  -- Returned result:
  +-----+
  | _c0 |
  +-----+
  | abc |
  +-----+

RTRIM

• Syntax

  STRING RTRIM(STRING str)

• Description

  This function eliminates the spaces on the right side of the string str.

• Parameters

  str: a value of the STRING type. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if the input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  SELECT RTRIM('a abc '); 
  -- Returned result: 
  +-----+
  | _c0 |
  +-----+
  | a abc |
  +-----+

REVERSE

• Syntax

  STRING REVERSE(STRING str)

• Description

  This function returns a string in reverse order.

• Parameters

  str: a value of the STRING type. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if the input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  SELECT REVERSE('abcedfg');--Returned result:
  +-----+
  | _c0 |
  +-----+
  | gfdecba |
  +-----+

REPEAT

• Syntax

  STRING REPEAT(STRING str, BIGINT n)

• Description

  This function returns n duplicates of the string str.

• Parameters
  • str: a value of the STRING type. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.
  • n: a value of the BIGINT type. The returned string cannot exceed 2 MB in length. An exception is thrown if n is NULL.
• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type.

• Examples

  SELECT REPEAT('abc',5); -- Return abcabcabcabcabc.

ASCII

• Syntax

  BIGINT ASCII(STRING str)

• Description

  This function returns the ASCII code of the first character in the string str.

• Parameters

  str: a value of the STRING type. The input value is implicitly converted to a value of the STRING type before computing if it is of the BIGINT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL, or DATETIME type. If the input value is of another data type, an exception is thrown.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the BIGINT type.

• Examples

  SELECT ASCII('abcde'); -- Return 97.

Additional functions of MaxCompute V2.0

set odps.sql.type.system.odps2=true;

This section describes new string functions in MaxCompute V2.0.

CONCAT_WS

• Syntax

  STRING CONCAT_WS(STRING SEP, STRING a, STRING b...)
  STRING CONCAT_WS(STRING SEP, ARRAY)

• Description

  This function concatenates all input strings in an array by using a specified delimiter.

• Parameters
  • SEP: the delimiter of the STRING type. An exception is thrown if you do not specify this parameter.
• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if no input parameters are present or an input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  CONCAT_WS(':','name','hanmeimei')='name:hanmeimei'
  CONCAT_WS(':','avg',null,'34')=null

LPAD

• Syntax

  STRING LPAD(STRING a, INT len, STRING b)

• Description

  This function pads the left side of string a with string b until the new padded string has len characters.

• Parameters
  • len: a value of the INT type.
  • Parameters such as a and b: values of the STRING type.
• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. If len is smaller than the number of characters in a, a is truncated from the left to obtain a string with the number of characters specified by len. If len is 0, NULL is returned.

• Examples

  lpad('abcdefgh',10,'12')='12abcdefgh'
  lpad('abcdefgh',5,'12')='abcde'
  lpad('abcdefgh',0,'12') -- Return NULL.

RPAD

• Syntax

  STRING RPAD(STRING a, INT len, STRING b)

• Description

  This function pads the right side of string a with string b until the new padded string has len characters.

• Parameters
  • len: a value of the INT type.
  • Parameters such as a and b: values of the STRING type.
• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. If len is smaller than the number of characters in a, a is truncated from the left to obtain a string with the number of characters specified by len. If len is 0, NULL is returned.

• Examples

  rpad('abcdefgh',10,'12')='abcdefgh12'
  rpad('abcdefgh',5,'12')='abcde'
  rpad('abcdefgh',0,'12') -- Return NULL.

REPLACE

• Syntax

  STRING REPLACE(STRING a, STRING OLD, STRING NEW)

• Description

  This function substitutes the string NEW for the part of string a that is exactly the same as the string OLD, and returns the string a.

• Parameters

  The values of all parameters are of the STRING type.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if an input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  REPLACE('ababab','abab','12')='12ab'
  REPLACE('ababab','cdf','123')='ababab'
  REPLACE('123abab456ab',null,'abab')=null

SOUNDEX

• Syntax

  STRING SOUNDEX(STRING a)

• Description

  This function converts a normal string to a string of the soundex type.

• Parameters

  a: a value of the STRING type.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if the input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  SOUNDEX('hello')='H400'

SUBSTRING_INDEX

• Syntax

  STRING SUBSTRING_INDEX(STRING a, STRING sep, INT count)

• Description

  This function truncates the string a to a substring from the first character to the nth delimiter, where n is specified by count. If count is a positive value, the string is truncated from left to right. Otherwise, the string is truncated from right to left.

• Parameters

  a and sep are of the STRING type, whereas count is of the INT type.

• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if an input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  SUBSTRING_INDEX('https://www.alibabacloud.com, '.', 2)='https://www.alibabacloud'
  SUBSTRING_INDEX('https://www.alibabacloud.com', '.', -2)='alibabacloud.com'
  SUBSTRING_INDEX('https://www.alibabacloud.com', null, 2)=null

URL_ENCODE

• Syntax

  STRING URL_ENCODE(STRING input[, STRING encoding])

• Description
  This function encodes the input string in the application/x-www-form-urlencoded MIME format and returns the encoded string.

  • All letters remain unchanged.
  • Dots (.), hyphens (-), asterisks (*), and underscores (_) remain unchanged.
  • Spaces are converted to plus signs (+).
  • Other characters are converted to byte values based on the specified encoding. Each byte value is then represented in the format of %xy, where xy is the hexadecimal representation of the character value.
• Parameters
  • input: the string to be encoded.
  • encoding: the specified encoding format. GBK and UTF-8 are supported. If you do not specify this parameter, its value defaults to UTF-8.
• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if the input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  URL_ENCODE('Example for URL_ENCODE:// dsf(fasfs)', 'GBK') = "Example+for+URL_ENCODE+%3A%2F%2F+dsf%28fasfs%29"

URL_DECODE

• Syntax

  STRING URL_DECODE(STRING input[, STRING encoding])

• Description
  This function converts an input string from the application/x-www-form-urlencoded MIME format to a normal string. This is the inverse function of URL_ENCODE.

  • All letters remain unchanged.
  • Dots (.), hyphens (-), asterisks (*), and underscores (_) remain unchanged.
  • Each plus sign (+) is converted to a space.
  • The %xy formatted sequence is converted to byte values. Consecutive byte values are decoded to the corresponding strings based on the input encoding.
  • Other characters remain unchanged.
  • The final return value of the function is a UTF-8 string.
• Parameters
  • input: the string to be decoded.
  • encoding: the specified encoding format. GBK and UTF-8 are supported. If you do not specify this parameter, its value defaults to UTF-8.
• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type. NULL is returned if the input parameter is NULL.

• Examples

  URL_DECODE('Example+for+URL_DECODE+%3A%2F%2F+dsf%28fasfs%29', 'GBK') = "Example for URL_DECODE:// dsf(fasfs)"

JSON_TUPLE

• Syntax

  STRING JSON_TUPLE(STRING json,STRING key1,STRING key2,...)

• Description

  This function extracts strings from a standard JSON stringbased on specified keys.

• Parameters
  • json: a value of the STRING type, which indicates a standard JSON string.
  • key: a value of the STRING type, which is used to describe the path of a JSON object in the JSON string.. The value cannot start with a dollar sign ($). You can enter multiple keys at a time.
• Return value

  Returns a value of the STRING type.

  Note

  • NULL is returned if json is empty or invalid.
  • NULL is returned if key is empty, invalid, or does not exist in the JSON string.
  • The corresponding string is returned if json is valid and key is also present.
  • This function can parse JSON data that contains Chinese characters.
  • This function can parse nested JSON data.
  • This function can parse JSON data that contains nested arrays.
  • The parsing action is equivalent to the execution of GET_JSON_OBJECT() along with set odps.sql.udf.getjsonobj.new=true;. To obtain multiple objects from a JSON string, you must call the GET_JSON_OBJECT() function multiple times. As a result, the JSON string is parsed multiple times. The JSON_TUPLE() function allows you to enter multiple keys at a time and the JSON string is parsed only once. Compared with GET_JSON_OBJECT(), JSON_TUPLE() is more efficient.
  • JSON_TUPLE() is a User-Defined Table-Generating Function (UDTF). If you need to select other columns, use it along with LATERAL VIEW.