Ganos Geometry is a spatial geometry extension of ApsaraDB for PolarDB. Ganos Geometry complies with OpenGIS specifications and enables ApsaraDB for PolarDB to store and manage 2D (X, Y), 3D (X, Y, Z), and 4D (X, Y, Z, M) spatial geometry data. In addition, Ganos Geometry provides a wide range of features such as spatial geometry objects, indexes, functions, and operators.
Overview
The geometry model is fully compatible with PostGIS functions and allows you to smoothly migrate existing applications.
Quick start
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Create extensions.
-- Create a geometry extension. Create extension ganos_geometry cascade; -- Create a geometry topology extension. Create extension ganos_geometry_topology; -- Create an SFCGAL plug-in extension. Create extension ganos_geometry_sfcgal;
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Create a geometry table.
-- Method 1: Create a table with a geometry field. CREATE TABLE ROADS (ID int4, ROAD_NAME varchar(25), geom geometry(LINESTRING,3857)); -- Method 2: Create a common table and then add a geometry field. CREATE TABLE ROADS (ID int4, ROAD_NAME varchar(25)); SELECT AddGeometryColumn('roads', 'geom', 3857, 'LINESTRING', 2);
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Add geometry constraints.
ALTER TABLE ROADS ADD CONSTRAINT geometry_valid_check CHECK (ST_IsValid(geom));
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Import geometry data.
INSERT INTO roads (id, geom, road_name) VALUES (1,ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(191232 243118,191108 243242)',3857),'North Fifth-Ring Road'); INSERT INTO roads (id, geom, road_name) VALUES (2,ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(189141 244158,189265 244817)',3857),'East Fifth-Ring Road'); INSERT INTO roads (id, geom, road_name) VALUES (3,ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(192783 228138,192612 229814)',3857),'South Fifth-Ring Road'); INSERT INTO roads (id, geom, road_name) VALUES (4,ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(189412 252431,189631 259122)',3857),'West Fifth-Ring Road'); INSERT INTO roads (id, geom, road_name) VALUES (5,ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(190131 224148,190871 228134)',3857),'East Chang''an Avenue'); INSERT INTO roads (id, geom, road_name) VALUES (6,ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(198231 263418,198213 268322)',3857),'West Chang''an Avenue');
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Query geometry object information.
SELECT id, ST_AsText(geom) AS geom, road_name FROM roads; -------------------------------- id | geom | road_name --------+-----------------------------------------+----------- 1 | LINESTRING(191232 243118,191108 243242) | North Fifth-Ring Road 2 | LINESTRING(189141 244158,189265 244817) | East Fifth-Ring Road 3 | LINESTRING(192783 228138,192612 229814) | South Fifth-Ring Road 4 | LINESTRING(189412 252431,189631 259122) | West Fifth-Ring Road 5 | LINESTRING(190131 224148,190871 228134) | East Chang'an Avenue 6 | LINESTRING(198231 263418,198213 268322) | West Chang'an Avenue (6 rows)
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Create indexes.
-- Create a GiST index. CREATE INDEX [indexname] ON [tablename] USING GIST ([geometryfield]); CREATE INDEX [indexname] ON [tablename] USING GIST ([geometryfield] gist_geometry_ops_nd); VACUUM ANALYZE [table_name] [(column_name)]; -- Example Create INDEX sp_geom_index ON ROADS USING GIST(geom); VACUUM ANALYZE ROADS (geom); -- Create a block range index (BRIN). CREATE INDEX [indexname] ON [tablename] USING BRIN ([geometryfield]); CREATE INDEX [indexname] ON [tablename] USING BRIN ([geometryfield] brin_geometry_inclusion_ops_3d); CREATE INDEX [indexname] ON [tablename] USING BRIN ([geometryfield] brin_geometry_inclusion_ops_4d); -- Create a BRIN index with a specified range. CREATE INDEX [indexname] ON [tablename] USING BRIN ([geometryfield]) WITH (pages_per_range = [number]);
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Access geometry objects.
-- Determine whether a spatial geometry object consists of only simple elements. SELECT ST_IsSimple(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((1 2, 3 4, 5 6, 1 2))')); st_issimple ------------- t (1 row) SELECT ST_IsSimple(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(1 1,2 2,2 3.5,1 3,1 2,2 1)')); st_issimple ------------- f (1 row) -- Query the largest city with roundabouts in the terrain. SELECT gid, name, ST_Area(the_geom) AS area FROM bc_municipality WHERE ST_NRings(the_geom) > 1 ORDER BY area DESC LIMIT 1; gid | name | area -----+--------------+------------------ 12 | Anning | 257374619.430216 (1 row)
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Measure and analyze spatial data, and judge spatial relationships.
-- Create the bc_roads table. Create table bc_roads (gid serial, name varchar, the_geom geometry); -- Create the bc_municipality table. Create table bc_municipality(gid serial, code integer, name varchar, the_geom geometry); -- Compute the length. SELECT sum(ST_Length(the_geom))/1000 AS km_roads FROM bc_roads; km_roads ------------------ 70842.1243039643 (1 row) -- Compute the area. SELECT ST_Area(the_geom)/10000 AS hectares FROM bc_municipality WHERE name = 'PRINCE GEORGE'; hectares ------------------ 32657.9103824927 (1 row) -- Use the ST_Contains function. SELECT m.name, sum(ST_Length(r.the_geom))/1000 as roads_km FROM bc_roads AS r, bc_municipality AS m WHERE ST_Contains(m.the_geom,r.the_geom) GROUP BY m.name ORDER BY roads_km; name | roads_km ----------------------------+------------------ SURREY | 1539.47553551242 VANCOUVER | 1450.33093486576 LANGLEY DISTRICT | 833.793392535662 BURNABY | 773.769091404338 PRINCE GEORGE | 694.37554369147 -- Use the ST_Covers function. SELECT ST_Covers(smallc,smallc) As smallinsmall, ST_Covers(smallc, bigc) As smallcoversbig, ST_Covers(bigc, ST_ExteriorRing(bigc)) As bigcoversexterior, ST_Contains(bigc, ST_ExteriorRing(bigc)) As bigcontainsexterior FROM (SELECT ST_Buffer(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(1 2)'), 10) As smallc, ST_Buffer(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(1 2)'), 20) As bigc) As foo; -- Result smallinsmall | smallcoversbig | bigcoversexterior | bigcontainsexterior --------------+----------------+-------------------+--------------------- t | f | t | f (1 row) -- Use the ST_Disjoint function. SELECT ST_Disjoint('POINT(0 0)'::geometry, 'LINESTRING (2 0, 0 2)'::geometry); st_disjoint --------------- t (1 row) SELECT ST_Disjoint('POINT(0 0)'::geometry, 'LINESTRING (0 0, 0 2)'::geometry); st_disjoint --------------- f (1 row) -- Use the ST_Overlaps function. SELECT ST_Overlaps(a,b) As a_overlap_b, ST_Crosses(a,b) As a_crosses_b, ST_Intersects(a, b) As a_intersects_b, ST_Contains(b,a) As b_contains_a FROM (SELECT ST_GeomFromText('POINT(1 0.5)') As a, ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(1 0, 1 1, 3 5)') As b) As foo a_overlap_b | a_crosses_b | a_intersects_b | b_contains_a ------------+-------------+----------------+-------------- f | f | t | t -- Use the ST_Relate function. SELECT ST_Relate(ST_GeometryFromText('POINT(1 2)'), ST_Buffer(ST_GeometryFromText('POINT(1 2)'),2), '0FFFFF212'); St_relate ----------- t -- Use the ST_Touches function. SELECT ST_Touches('LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1, 0 2)'::geometry, 'POINT(1 1)'::geometry); st_touches ------------ f (1 row) SELECT ST_Touches('LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1, 0 2)'::geometry, 'POINT(0 2)'::geometry); st_touches ------------ t (1 row) -- Use the ST_Within function. SELECT ST_Within(smallc,smallc) As smallinsmall, ST_Within(smallc, bigc) As smallinbig, ST_Within(bigc,smallc) As biginsmall, ST_Within(ST_Union(smallc, bigc), bigc) as unioninbig, ST_Within(bigc, ST_Union(smallc, bigc)) as biginunion, ST_Equals(bigc, ST_Union(smallc, bigc)) as bigisunion FROM ( SELECT ST_Buffer(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(50 50)'), 20) As smallc, ST_Buffer(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(50 50)'), 40) As bigc) As foo; -- Result smallinsmall | smallinbig | biginsmall | unioninbig | biginunion | bigisunion --------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------ t | t | f | t | t | t (1 row)
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Delete extensions.
Drop extension ganos_geometry cascade;
SQL reference
For more information, see the official PostGIS reference.