PolarDB O Edition allows you to run the VACUUM command to reclaim the storage space that is occupied by dead tuples. If the released dead tuple space is reclaimed, the space is not returned to the operating system but can be used to store the newly inserted or updated data.
In the preceding figure, tuple1 and tuple2 represent valid data rows, and unused represents invalid data rows. After garbage collection, the storage space that is
occupied by invalid data rows is released and can be reused.
PolarDB O Edition implements the multiversion concurrency control (MVCC) mechanism by using multiple
versions. When you perform the UPDATE and DELETE operations, a new version of data
rows is generated, and the earlier version of data rows becomes invalid. The invalid
version data occupies the space of data blocks and you must clear the space in a timely
manner. Otherwise, data bloat occurs. If the number of invalid data rows accounts
for a specific proportion of the total number of data rows (you can customize the
proportion of the number of invalid rows based on your requirements), PolarDB O Edition automatically triggers the garbage collection action. PolarDB-O runs the VACUUM process
to reclaim the storage space that is occupied by dead tuples. You can also manually
run vacuum table_name to reclaim the storage space that is occupied by dead tuples.