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Object Storage Service:Server-side encryption

Last Updated:Aug 21, 2023

Object Storage Service (OSS) can encrypt uploaded data on the server. This is called server-side encryption. When you upload data to OSS, OSS encrypts the data and stores the encrypted data. When you download data from OSS, OSS decrypts the data and returns the decrypted data. In addition, a header is added to the response to declare that the data is encrypted on the server.

Background information

OSS provides the following server-side encryption methods:

  • Server-side encryption that uses KMS-managed CMKs (SSE-KMS)
    When you upload an object, you can use the CMK with a specified ID or the default CMK managed by KMS to encrypt data. This method is cost-effective because you do not need to send data to the KMS server for encryption and decryption.
    Important You are charged when you call API operations to encrypt or decrypt data by using KMS keys.
  • Server-side encryption that uses OSS-managed keys (SSE-OSS)

    When you upload an object, OSS encrypts the object on the server side by using AES-256 keys managed by OSS. OSS server-side encryption uses AES-256 to encrypt objects by using different data keys. AES-256 uses master keys that are regularly rotated to encrypt data keys.

Important
  • Only one server-side encryption method can be used for an object at a time.
  • If you configure server-side encryption for a bucket, you can still configure the encryption method for a single object when you upload or copy the object. In this case, the encryption method configured for the object takes precedence. For more information, see PutObject.
  • For more information about server-side encryption, see Server-side encryption.

Usage notes

  • In this topic, the public endpoint of the China (Hangzhou) region is used. If you want to access OSS by using other Alibaba Cloud services in the same region as OSS, use an internal endpoint. For more information about the regions and endpoints supported by OSS, see Regions and endpoints.

  • In this topic, access credentials are obtained from environment variables. For more information about how to configure access credentials, see Configure access credentials.

  • In this topic, an OSSClient instance is created by using an OSS endpoint. If you want to create an OSSClient instance by using custom domain names or Security Token Service (STS), see Initialization.

  • To configure server-side encryption for a bucket, you must have the oss:PutBucketEncryption permission. To query the server-side encryption configurations of a bucket, you must have the oss:GetBucketEncryption permission. To delete the server-side encryption configurations of a bucket, you must have the oss:DeleteBucketEncryption permission. For more information, see Attach a custom policy to a RAM user.

Configure server-side encryption for a bucket

The following sample code provides an example on how to configure the default encryption method for a bucket. After the method is configured, all objects that are uploaded to the bucket without encryption methods configured are encrypted by using the default encryption method.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import oss2
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
from oss2.models import ServerSideEncryptionRule
# Obtain access credentials from the environment variables. Before you run the sample code, make sure that you have configured environment variables OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET. 
auth = oss2.ProviderAuth(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
# Specify the endpoint of the region in which the bucket is located. For example, if the bucket is located in the China (Hangzhou) region, set the endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com. 
# Specify the name of the bucket. Example: examplebucket. 
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, 'https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com', 'examplebucket')

# Create encryption configurations for the bucket. In this example, AES-256 encryption is used. 
rule = ServerSideEncryptionRule()
rule.sse_algorithm = oss2.SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION_AES256
# Specify the CMK ID. The CMK ID can be specified only if you use the OSS-KMS encryption method. If you want to use a specified CMK for encryption, enter the CMK ID. If you want to use the default CMK managed by KMS for encryption, leave this parameter empty. If you use AES-256 encryption, you must leave this parameter empty. 
rule.kms_master_keyid = ""

# Apply the encryption configurations to the bucket. 
result = bucket.put_bucket_encryption(rule)

# Display the returned HTTP status code. 
print('http response code:', result.status)

Query the server-side encryption configurations of a bucket

The following sample code provides an example on how to query the server-side encryption configurations of a bucket:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import oss2
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
# Obtain access credentials from the environment variables. Before you run the sample code, make sure that you have configured environment variables OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET. 
auth = oss2.ProviderAuth(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
# Specify the endpoint of the region in which the bucket is located. For example, if the bucket is located in the China (Hangzhou) region, set the endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com. 
# Specify the name of the bucket. Example: examplebucket. 
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, 'https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com', 'examplebucket')

# Query the server-side encryption configurations of the bucket. 
result = bucket.get_bucket_encryption()
# Display the obtained server-side encryption configurations. 
print('sse_algorithm:', result.sse_algorithm)
print('kms_master_keyid:', result.kms_master_keyid) # If the encryption method is AES256, set kms_master_keyid to None.

Delete the server-side encryption configurations of a bucket

The following sample code provides an example on how to delete the server-side encryption configurations of a bucket:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import oss2
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
# Obtain access credentials from the environment variables. Before you run the sample code, make sure that you have configured environment variables OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET. 
auth = oss2.ProviderAuth(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
# Specify the endpoint of the region in which the bucket is located. For example, if the bucket is located in the China (Hangzhou) region, set the endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com. 
# Specify the name of the bucket. Example: examplebucket. 
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, 'https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com', 'examplebucket')

# Delete the server-side encryption configurations of the bucket. 
result = bucket.delete_bucket_encryption()
# Display the returned HTTP status code. 
print('http status:', result.status)

References

  • For the complete sample code for server-side encryption, visit GitHub.

  • For more information about the API operation for configuring server-side encryption, see PutBucketEncryption.

  • For more information about the API operation for querying server encryption configurations, see GetBucketEncryption.

  • For more information about the API operation for deleting server encryption configurations, see DeleteBucketEncryption.