Use a StatefulSet service - Best Practices| Alibaba Cloud Documentation Center

Background information

Scenarios of StatefulSet services:

A stable deployment order: Pods are deployed in sequence from 0 to N-1. Before a pod is deployed, all its predecessors must be in the Running or Ready state.
A stable scale-in order: Pods are scaled in sequence from N-1 to 0. Before a pod is deleted, all its predecessors must be deleted.
Stable and unique network identifiers: After a pod is rescheduled to another node, its PodName and HostName values remain unchanged.
Stable and persistent storage based on persistent volume claims (PVCs): After a pod is rescheduled, the pod can access the same persistent data.

Use of StatefulSet services:

StatefulSet services can be used to automatically create PVCs and PVs based on the volumeClaimTemplates field.

This topic describes how to manage a StatefulSet service. Perform the following steps:

Create a StatefulSet service
Scale the StatefulSet service
Delete the StatefulSet service
Manage persistent storage of the StatefulSet service

Prerequisites

Create a StatefulSet service

Note volumeClaimTemplates: a type of PVC template. If you set this field, the system creates PVCs based on the number of replicas that are specified for the StatefulSet service. The configurations of these PVCs are the same except for the PVC names.

Create a statefulset.yaml file.

Note The storageClassName field is set to alicloud-disk-ssd to specify an Alibaba Cloud standard SSD.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    name: web
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    app: nginx
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: web
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  serviceName: "nginx"
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          name: web
        volumeMounts:
        - name: disk-ssd
          mountPath: /data
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: disk-ssd
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      storageClassName: "alicloud-disk-ssd"
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 20Gi

Run the following command to deploy a StatefulSet service:
```
kubectl create -f statefulset.yaml
```

Open another command-line interface (CLI) of kubectl and run the following command to check the pods that are deployed in sequence:

kubectl get pod -w -l app=nginx

NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
web-0        0/1     Pending   0          0s
web-0        0/1     Pending   0          0s
web-0        0/1     ContainerCreating    0          0s
web-0        1/1     Running   0          20s
web-1        0/1     Pending   0          0s
web-1        0/1     Pending   0          0s
web-1        0/1     ContainerCreating    0          0s
web-1        1/1     Running   0          7s

Run the following command to query the deployed pods:

kubectl get pod

NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
web-0                         1/1     Running   0          6m
web-1                         1/1     Running   0          6m

Run the following command to view the PVCs:

kubectl get pvc

NAME             STATUS   VOLUME                   CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS        AGE
disk-ssd-web-0   Bound    d-2zegw7et6xc96nbojuoo   20Gi       RWO            alicloud-disk-ssd   7m
disk-ssd-web-1   Bound    d-2zefbrqggvkd10xb523h   20Gi       RWO            alicloud-disk-ssd   6m

Scale the StatefulSet service

Scale out the StatefulSet service

Run the following command to scale out the StatefulSet service to three pods:
```
kubectl scale sts web --replicas=3
```
```
statefulset.apps/web scaled
```

Run the following command to view the pods after the scale-out process:

kubectl get pod

NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
web-0                         1/1     Running   0          34m
web-1                         1/1     Running   0          33m
web-2                         1/1     Running   0          26m

Run the following command to view the PVCs after the scale-out process:

kubectl get pvc

NAME             STATUS   VOLUME                   CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS        AGE
disk-ssd-web-0   Bound    d-2zegw7et6xc96nbojuoo   20Gi       RWO            alicloud-disk-ssd   35m
disk-ssd-web-1   Bound    d-2zefbrqggvkd10xb523h   20Gi       RWO            alicloud-disk-ssd   34m
disk-ssd-web-2   Bound    d-2ze4jx1zymn4n9j3pic2   20Gi       RWO            alicloud-disk-ssd   27m

Scale in the StatefulSet service

Run the following command to scale in the StatefulSet service to two pods:
```
kubectl scale sts web --replicas=2
```
```
statefulset.apps/web scaled
```

Run the following command to view the pods after the scale-in process:

kubectl get pod

NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
web-0                         1/1     Running   0          38m
web-1                         1/1     Running   0          38m

The number of existing pods is 2.

Run the following command to view the PVCs after the scale-in process:

kubectl get pvc

NAME             STATUS   VOLUME                   CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS        AGE
disk-ssd-web-0   Bound    d-2zegw7et6xc96nbojuoo   20Gi       RWO            alicloud-disk-ssd   39m
disk-ssd-web-1   Bound    d-2zefbrqggvkd10xb523h   20Gi       RWO            alicloud-disk-ssd   39m
disk-ssd-web-2   Bound    d-2ze4jx1zymn4n9j3pic2   20Gi       RWO            alicloud-disk-ssd   31m

PVCs and PVs are not decreased during the scale-in process.

Scale out the StatefulSet service again

Run the following command to scale out the StatefulSet service to three pods:
```
kubectl scale sts web --replicas=3
```
```
statefulset.apps/web scaled
```

Run the following command to view the pods after the scale-out process:

kubectl get pod

NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
web-0                         1/1     Running   0          1h
web-1                         1/1     Running   0          1h
web-2                         1/1     Running   0          8s

Run the following command to view the PVCs after the scale-out process:

kubectl get pvc

NAME             STATUS   VOLUME                   CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS        AGE
disk-ssd-web-0   Bound    d-2zegw7et6xc96nbojuoo   20Gi       RWO            alicloud-disk-ssd   1h
disk-ssd-web-1   Bound    d-2zefbrqggvkd10xb523h   20Gi       RWO            alicloud-disk-ssd   1h
disk-ssd-web-2   Bound    d-2ze4jx1zymn4n9j3pic2   20Gi       RWO            alicloud-disk-ssd   1h

The newly created pods use the existing PVCs and PVs after the scale-out process is complete.

Delete the StatefulSet service

Run the following command to view the PVC that is used by the pod named web-1:
```
kubectl describe pod web-1 | grep ClaimName
```
```
ClaimName:  disk-ssd-web-1
```
Run the following command to delete the pod named web-1:
```
kubectl delete pod web-1
```
```
pod "web-1" deleted
```

Run the following command to view the running pods after the pod is deleted:

kubectl get pod

NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
web-0                         1/1     Running   0          1h
web-1                         1/1     Running   0          25s
web-2                         1/1     Running   0          9m

The recreated pod has the same name as the deleted pod.

Run the following command to view the PVCs:

kubectl get pvc

NAME             STATUS   VOLUME                   CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS        AGE
disk-ssd-web-0   Bound    d-2zegw7et6xc96nbojuoo   20Gi       RWO            alicloud-disk-ssd   1h
disk-ssd-web-1   Bound    d-2zefbrqggvkd10xb523h   20Gi       RWO            alicloud-disk-ssd   1h
disk-ssd-web-2   Bound    d-2ze4jx1zymn4n9j3pic2   20Gi       RWO            alicloud-disk-ssd   1h

The recreated pod uses the same PVC as the deleted pod.

Open another CLI of kubectl and run the following command to view the processes in which the pod is deleted and recreated.

kubectl get pod -w -l app=nginx

NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
web-0   1/1     Running   0          102m
web-1   1/1     Running   0          69s
web-2   1/1     Running   0          10m
web-1   1/1   Terminating   0     89s
web-1   0/1   Terminating   0     89s
web-1   0/1   Terminating   0     90s
web-1   0/1   Terminating   0     90s
web-1   0/1   Pending   0     0s
web-1   0/1   Pending   0     0s
web-1   0/1   ContainerCreating   0     0s
web-1   1/1   Running   0     20s

Manage persistent storage of the StatefulSet service

Run the following command to view the files in the /data path of each pod:
```
kubectl exec web-1 ls /data
```
```
lost+found
```
Run the following command to create the file statefulset in the /data path:
```
kubectl exec web-1 touch /data/statefulset
```
Run the following command to view the files in the /data path of each pod:
```
kubectl exec web-1 ls /data
```
```
lost+found
statefulset
```
Run the following command to delete the pod named web-1:
```
kubectl delete pod web-1
```
```
pod "web-1" deleted
```
Run the following command to verify that the file statefulset exists in the /data path. This indicates that the data in the disk is persistently stored.
```
kubectl exec web-1 ls /data
```
```
lost+found
statefulset
```