Use Data Transmission Service (DTS) to migrate data from a MySQL database to a PolarDB for MySQL cluster.
Supported source databases
The source MySQL database can be one of the following types. This topic uses an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance as an example. The configuration process for other types of source databases is similar.
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ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances.
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Self-managed databases:
- Self-managed database with a public IP address
- Self-managed database that is hosted on Elastic Compute Service (ECS)
- Self-managed database that is connected over Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway
- Self-managed database that is connected over Database Gateway
Prerequisites
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You must have a source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. For more information, see Quickly create an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
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You must have a destination PolarDB for MySQL cluster. For more information, see Custom purchase and Purchase a subscription cluster.
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The destination PolarDB for MySQL cluster must have more storage space than is used by the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Limits
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Type |
Description |
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Source database limits |
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Other limits |
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Special cases |
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Billing
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Migration type |
Instance configuration fee |
Internet traffic fee |
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Schema migration and full data migration |
Free of charge. |
You are charged Internet traffic fees when the Access Method of the destination database is set to Public IP Address. For more information, see Billing overview. |
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Incremental data migration |
Charged. For more information, see Billing overview. |
Migration types
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Schema migration
DTS migrates the schema definitions of the selected objects from the source database to the destination database.
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DTS supports schema migration for tables, views, triggers, stored procedures, and functions.
NoteThe
routine_bodyof stored procedures, theroutine_bodyof functions, and theselect_statementof views are not modified. -
During schema migration, DTS changes the `DEFINER` to `INVOKER` for the views, stored procedures, and functions to be migrated. This action changes the value of `SQL SECURITY` to `INVOKER`. DTS also sets the `DEFINER` to the destination database account that is used for the migration task.
NoteThe security authentication method and definer of the source database are not modified.
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Because DTS does not migrate user information, you must grant read and write permissions to the invoker to call views, stored procedures, and functions in the destination database.
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Full migration
DTS migrates all historical data of the selected objects from the source database to the destination database.
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Incremental migration
After full migration completes, DTS migrates incremental data changes from the source to the destination database, allowing you to migrate data without interrupting your self-managed applications.
SQL operations for incremental migration
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Operation type |
SQL statement |
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DML |
INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE |
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DDL |
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Required permissions for database accounts
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Database |
Schema migration |
Full data migration |
Incremental data migration |
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ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance |
SELECT permission |
SELECT permission |
REPLICATION CLIENT, REPLICATION SLAVE, SHOW VIEW, and SELECT permissions |
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PolarDB for MySQL cluster |
Read and write permissions |
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For instructions on creating database accounts and granting permissions, see:
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For an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance, see Create an account and Modify account permissions.
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For a PolarDB for MySQL cluster, see Create and manage a database account.
Procedure
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Navigate to the migration task list page for the destination region using one of the following methods.
From the DTS console
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Log on to the Data Transmission Service (DTS) console.
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In the navigation pane on the left, click Data Migration.
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In the upper-left corner of the page, select the region where the migration instance is located.
From the DMS console
NoteThe actual operations may vary based on the mode and layout of the DMS console. For more information, see Simple mode console and Customize the layout and style of the DMS console.
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Log on to the Data Management (DMS) console.
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In the top menu bar, choose .
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To the right of Data Migration Tasks, select the region where the migration instance is located.
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Click Create Task to navigate to the task configuration page.
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Optional: In the upper-right corner of the page, click New Configuration Page.
Note-
If you are already on the new configuration page (the button in the upper-right corner is Back to Previous Version), you can skip this step.
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The parameters on the new and old configuration pages are different. We recommend that you use the new configuration page.
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Configure the source and destination databases.
WarningAfter you select the source and destination instances, read the Limits at the top of the page to ensure that the migration task can be created and run successfully.
Section
Parameter
Description
N/A
Task Name
DTS generates a task name automatically. Specify a descriptive name for easy identification. The name does not need to be unique.
Source Database
Select a DMS database instance.
Select an existing instance as needed.
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If you use an existing instance, the database information is automatically filled in. You do not need to enter it again.
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If you do not use an existing instance, configure the following database information.
Note-
In the DMS console, click Add DMS Database Instance to add a database instance. For more information, see Add a cloud database instance and Add a database instance from another cloud or a self-managed database.
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In the DTS console, you can add a database to DTS on the Database Connections page or the new configuration page. For more information, see Data Connection Management.
Database Type
Select MySQL.
Connection Type
Select Alibaba Cloud Instance.
Instance Region
Select the region of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Cross-account
This example migrates data within the same Alibaba Cloud account. Select No.
RDS Instance ID
Select the ID of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Database Account
Enter the database account of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. For information about the required permissions, see Required permissions for database accounts.
Database Password
Enter the password for the database account.
Connection Method
Select Non-encrypted or SSL-encrypted based on your database requirements. If you set this parameter to SSL-encrypted, you must enable SSL encryption for the RDS for MySQL instance beforehand. For more information, see Quickly enable SSL encryption using a cloud certificate.
Destination Database
Select a DMS database instance.
Select an existing instance as needed.
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If you use an existing instance, the database information is automatically filled in. You do not need to enter it again.
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If you do not use an existing instance, configure the following database information.
Note-
In the DMS console, click Add DMS Database Instance to add a database instance. For more information, see Add a cloud database instance and Add a database instance from another cloud or a self-managed database.
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In the DTS console, you can add a database to DTS on the Database Connections page or the new configuration page. For more information, see Data Connection Management.
Database Type
Select PolarDB for MySQL.
Connection Type
Select Alibaba Cloud Instance.
Instance Region
Select the region of the destination PolarDB for MySQL cluster.
PolarDB Cluster ID
Select the ID of the destination PolarDB for MySQL cluster.
Database Account
Enter the database account for the destination PolarDB for MySQL cluster. For information about the required permissions, see Required permissions for database accounts.
Database Password
Enter the password for the database account.
Encryption
Select a connection type as needed. For more information about the SSL encryption feature, see Enable SSL encryption.
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After you complete the configuration, click Test Connectivity and Proceed at the bottom of the page.
If the source or destination database is an Alibaba Cloud database instance, such as an RDS for MySQL or ApsaraDB for MongoDB instance, DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the IP address whitelist of the instance. If the source or destination database is a self-managed database hosted on an ECS instance, DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security group rules of the ECS instance. You must also ensure that the database is accessible from the ECS instance. If the self-managed database is hosted on multiple ECS instances, you must manually add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security group rules of each ECS instance. If the source or destination database is a self-managed database that is deployed in an on-premises data center or provided by a third-party cloud service provider, you must manually add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the IP address whitelist of the database to allow access from DTS servers. For more information about the IP addresses of DTS servers, see CIDR blocks of DTS servers.
WarningAdding the public IP address blocks of DTS servers, whether automatically or manually, may introduce security risks. Using this product, you acknowledge and accept these potential risks. You must implement basic security measures, such as using strong passwords, limiting open ports for each CIDR block, using authentication for internal API calls, and regularly checking and restricting unnecessary CIDR blocks. You can also connect using an internal network, such as a leased line, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway.
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Configure the task objects.
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On the Configure Objects page, configure the objects that you want to migrate.
Parameter
Description
Migration Types
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If you only need to perform a full migration, select both Schema Migration and Full Data Migration.
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To perform a migration with no downtime, select Schema Migration, Full Data Migration, and Incremental Data Migration.
Note-
If you do not select Schema Migration, you must ensure that a database and tables to receive the data exist in the destination database. You can also use the object name mapping feature in the Selected Objects box as needed.
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If you do not select Incremental Data Migration, do not write new data to the source instance during data migration to ensure data consistency.
Method to Migrate Triggers in Source Database
Select a method for migrating triggers based on your business requirements. If the objects to be migrated do not involve triggers, you can skip this setting. For more information, see Configure how to synchronize or migrate triggers.
NoteThis setting is available only when both Migration Types and Schema Migration are selected for Incremental Data Migration.
Processing Mode of Conflicting Tables
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Precheck and Report Errors: Checks whether tables with the same names exist in the destination database. If no tables with the same names exist, the precheck is passed. If tables with the same names exist, an error is reported during the precheck, and the data migration task does not start.
NoteIf a table in the destination database has the same name but cannot be easily deleted or renamed, you can change the name of the table in the destination database. For more information, see Object name mapping.
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Ignore Errors and Proceed: Skips the check for tables with the same names.
WarningSelecting Ignore Errors and Proceed may cause data inconsistency and business risks. For example:
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If the table schemas are consistent and a record in the destination database has the same primary key value as a record in the source database:
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During full migration, DTS keeps the record in the destination database. The record from the source database is not migrated.
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During incremental migration, DTS does not keep the record in the destination database. The record from the source database overwrites the record in the destination database.
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If the table schemas are inconsistent, only some columns of data may be migrated, or the migration may fail. Proceed with caution.
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Whether to migrate Event
Select whether to migrate source database events. If you select Yes, additional steps are required. Synchronize or migrate events.
Capitalization of Object Names in Destination Instance
You can configure the case sensitivity policy for the names of migrated objects, such as databases, tables, and columns, in the destination instance. By default, DTS default policy is selected. You can also choose to keep the case sensitivity consistent with the default policy of the source or destination database. For more information, see Case sensitivity of object names in the destination database.
Source Objects
Select one or more objects from the Source Objects section. Click the
icon and add the objects to the Selected Objects section. NoteThe granularity for selecting migration objects is schema, table, and column. If you select only tables or columns as migration objects, other objects such as views, triggers, and stored procedures are not migrated to the destination database.
Selected Objects
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To change the name of a single migration object in the target instance, right-click the object in the Selected Objects box. For more information, see Map individual schema, table, and column names.
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To change the names of multiple migration objects in the target instance, click Selected Objects in the upper-right corner of the Batch Edit box. For more information, see Map multiple schema, table, and column names.
Note-
If you use the object name mapping feature, the migration of other objects that depend on the renamed object might fail.
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To filter data by using a WHERE clause, right-click the table to be migrated in the Selected Objects box and specify the filter condition in the dialog box that appears. For instructions, see Set filter conditions.
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To select SQL operations to migrate at the database or table level, right-click the object in the Selected Objects box and select the desired SQL operations in the dialog box that appears. For a list of supported operations, see Supported SQL operations for incremental migration.
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Click Next: Advanced Settings to configure advanced parameters.
Parameter
Description
Dedicated Cluster for Task Scheduling
By default, DTS schedules tasks on a shared cluster, and no selection is needed. You can purchase a dedicated cluster with specific specifications to run DTS migration tasks. For more information, see What is a DTS dedicated cluster?.
Select the engine type of the destination database
Select the engine type for the destination database based on your business requirements.
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InnoDB: The default storage engine.
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X-Engine: An online transaction processing (OLTP) database storage engine.
Copy the temporary table of the Online DDL tool that is generated in the source table to the destination database.
If you use Data Management (DMS) or gh-ost to perform online DDL changes in the source database, you can choose whether to migrate the data from the temporary tables generated by the online DDL changes.
Important-
DTS tasks do not support using tools such as pt-online-schema-change to perform online DDL changes. Otherwise, the DTS task fails.
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The processing methods for each phase are as follows: The Schema Migration and Full Data Migration phases do not allow DDL operations that change the database or table structure. Therefore, they are not controlled by the online DDL policy.
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Schema Migration: Not controlled by the online DDL policy. Related temporary tables are created.
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Full Data Migration: Not controlled by the online DDL policy. The migration of temporary tables is not included in the full migration objects. All tables whose names match the regular expression (
^_(.+)_(?:gho|new)$or^_(.+)_(?:ghc|del|old)$) are filtered out. -
Incremental Data Migration: Controlled by the online DDL policy.
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Yes: Migrates data changes from temporary tables (for example,
_table_name_gho) generated by online DDL operations. -
No, Adapt to DMS Online DDL and No, Adapt to gh-ost: Filters out data changes from temporary tables (for example,
_table_name_gho) generated by tools such as gh-ost based on regular expression rules.
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Yes: Migrates the data from the temporary tables generated by online DDL changes.
NoteIf online DDL changes generate a large amount of data in temporary tables, it may cause task latency.
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No, Adapt to DMS Online DDL: Does not migrate the data from the temporary tables generated by online DDL changes. It only migrates the original DDL statements executed using Data Management (DMS).
NoteThis option causes tables in the destination database to be locked.
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No, Adapt to gh-ost: Does not migrate the data from the temporary tables generated by online DDL changes. It supports custom filtering rules. DTS filters out data changes from temporary tables (for example,
_table_name_gho) generated by tools such as gh-ost based on regular expression rules. You can modify the default regular expressions used to match shadow and useless tables as needed:-
Shadow table:
^_(.+)_(?:gho|new)$ -
Useless table:
^_(.+)_(?:ghc|del|old)$
NoteThis option causes tables in the destination database to be locked.
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Whether to Migrate Accounts
Choose whether to migrate account information from the source database. If you select Yes, you also need to select the accounts to be migrated and confirm their permissions. For more information, including authorization methods, see Migrate database accounts.
Retry Time for Failed Connections
After the migration task starts, if the connection to the source or destination database fails, DTS reports an error and immediately begins to retry the connection. The default retry duration is 720 minutes. You can customize the retry time to a value from 10 to 1440 minutes. We recommend that you set the duration to more than 30 minutes. If DTS reconnects to the source and destination databases within the specified duration, the migration task automatically resumes. Otherwise, the task fails.
Note-
For multiple DTS instances that share the same source or destination, the network retry time is determined by the setting of the last created task.
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Because you are charged for the task during the connection retry period, we recommend that you customize the retry time based on your business needs, or release the DTS instance as soon as possible after the source and destination database instances are released.
Retry Time for Other Issues
After the migration task starts, if a non-connectivity issue, such as a DDL or DML execution exception, occurs in the source or destination database, DTS reports an error and immediately begins to retry the operation. The default retry duration is 10 minutes. You can customize the retry time to a value from 1 to 1440 minutes. We recommend that you set the duration to more than 10 minutes. If the related operations succeed within the specified retry duration, the migration task automatically resumes. Otherwise, the task fails.
ImportantThe value of Retry Time for Other Issues must be less than the value of Retry Time for Failed Connections.
Enable Throttling for Full Data Migration
During full migration, DTS consumes read and write resources on the source and destination databases, which may increase the database load. If required, you can enable throttling for the full migration task. You can set Queries per second (QPS) to the source database, RPS of Full Data Migration, and Data migration speed for full migration (MB/s) to reduce the load on the destination database.
Note-
This configuration item is available only if you select Full Data Migration for Migration Types.
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You can also adjust the full migration speed after the migration instance is running.
Enable Throttling for Incremental Data Migration
If required, you can also choose to set speed limits for the incremental migration task. You can set RPS of Incremental Data Migration and Data migration speed for incremental migration (MB/s) to reduce the load on the destination database.
Note-
This configuration item is available only if you select Incremental Data Migration for Migration Types.
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You can also adjust the incremental migration speed after the migration instance is running.
Environment Tag
Select an environment tag to identify the instance based on your business requirements. No selection is needed for this example.
Whether to delete SQL operations on heartbeat tables of forward and reverse tasks
Choose whether to write heartbeat SQL information to the source database when the DTS instance is running.
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Yes: Heartbeat SQL information is not written to the source database. This may cause the DTS instance to report a delay.
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No: Writes heartbeat SQL information to the source database. This may interfere with features such as physical backup and cloning of the source database.
Configure ETL
Choose whether to enable the extract, transform, and load (ETL) feature. For more information, see What is ETL? Valid values:
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Yes: Enables the ETL feature. Enter data processing statements in the code editor. For more information, see Configure ETL in a data migration or data synchronization task.
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No: Disables the ETL feature.
Monitoring and Alerting
Select whether to set alerts and receive alert notifications based on your business needs.
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No: Does not set an alert.
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Yes: Configure alerts by setting an alert threshold and an alert notifications. If a migration fails or the latency exceeds the threshold, the system sends an alert notification.
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Click Next: Data Validation to configure a data validation task.
If you want to use the data validation feature, see Configure data validation for configuration instructions.
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Save the task and run a precheck.
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To view the parameters for configuring this instance when you call the API operation, move the pointer over the Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck button and click Preview OpenAPI parameters in the bubble that appears.
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If you do not need to view or have finished viewing the API parameters, click Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck at the bottom of the page.
Note-
Before the migration task starts, DTS performs a precheck. The task starts only after it passes the precheck.
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If the precheck fails, click View Details next to the failed check item, fix the issue based on the prompt, and then run the precheck again.
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If a warning is reported during the precheck:
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For check items that cannot be ignored, click View Details next to the failed item, fix the issue based on the prompt, and then run the precheck again.
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For check items that can be ignored, you can click Confirm Alert Details, Ignore, OK, and Precheck Again to skip the alert item and run the precheck again. If you choose to ignore a warning, it may cause issues such as data inconsistency and pose risks to your business.
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When the Success Rate is 100%, click Next: Purchase Instance.
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Purchase the instance.
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On the Purchase page, select the link specification for the data migration instance. For more information, see the following table.
Category
Parameter
Description
New Instance Class
Resource Group Settings
Select the resource group to which the instance belongs. The default value is default resource group. For more information, see What is Resource Management?
Instance Class
DTS provides migration specifications with different performance levels. The link specification affects the migration speed. You can select a specification based on your business scenario. For more information, see Data migration link specifications.
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After the configuration is complete, read and select Data Transmission Service (Pay-as-you-go) Service Terms.
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Click Buy and Start. In the OK dialog box that appears, click OK.
You can view the progress of the migration task on the Data Migration Tasks list page.
Note-
If the migration task does not include incremental migration, it stops automatically after the full migration is complete. After the task stops, its Status changes to Completed.
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If the migration task includes incremental migration, it does not stop automatically. The incremental migration task continues to run. While the incremental migration task is running, the Status of the task is Running.
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